{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:15:34Z","timestamp":1791994534152,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31802107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31802107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M621937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M621937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Biological laboratory wastewater containing both antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotics is a potential source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Thus, we determined the efficacy of autoclaving, a common disinfection method, in eliminating 5 ARGs (<jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>1, <jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>2, <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>W, <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>M, <jats:italic>amp<\/jats:italic>) and the integrase\u2010encoding gene <jats:italic>intI<\/jats:italic>1 from laboratory wastewater. Autoclaving (15\u00a0min, 121\u00b0C) inactivated all bacteria including ARB, whereas ARGs persisted in the wastewater with limited reduction even after 60\u00a0min of treatment. Ozonation (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), ultrasound (US), O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/US, and autoclaving followed by O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were investigated for their ability to reduce ARGs in laboratory wastewater. With O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/US, the reduction rate ranged from 5.44 to 7.13 log for all ARGs investigated. Wastewater treatment with US alone did not reduce ARGs under the present experimental conditions (150\u00a0W, 53\u00a0kHz). Among the four treatments, autoclaving followed by O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> treatment showed the highest reduction rates in the shortest time; however, further optimization and investigation are needed for the advanced treatment of bio\u2010laboratory wastewater. Overall, this study provides novel insights into ARG sources and demonstrates that advanced oxidation methods can be useful to optimize laboratory wastewater treatment for ARG inactivation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Bio\u2010laboratory wastewater is potential reservoir of ARGs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Conventional autoclaving was not able to reduce ARGs to a low level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Autoclaving\u2010O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> completely eliminate all the bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Autoclaving\u2010O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> reduced ARGs efficiently (6.12\u20137.86 logs removal in 60\u00a0min).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.1451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T21:39:33Z","timestamp":1599341973000},"page":"479-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Investigation of reduction in risk from antibiotic resistance genes in laboratory wastewater by using O<sub>3<\/sub>, ultrasound, and autoclaving"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Lihua","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Bio\u2010Environmental Engineering College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinglong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 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