{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:30:41Z","timestamp":1776418241980,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OAA\u2010I\u201014\u201000049\/720521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAA\u2010I\u201014\u201000049\/720521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:italic>Vibrio cholera<\/jats:italic>, the bacteria that cause cholera, is endemic in Haiti with a presence in both cities and remote areas. Improved access to drinking water testing and treatment in remote areas may reduce the impact of the disease. This case study uses correlation and regression analysis to identify the main factors that hinder access to water testing and that lead to high cholera infection rates among communities in the Northern Corridor of Haiti. Poor road conditions, mountainous terrain, and limited transportation options lead to high travel times up to 5.7\u00a0min\/km between remote communities and drinking water testing facilities. The presence of springs in a community has a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rates in the Northern Corridor. However, socioeconomic factors had no significant correlation with cholera infection rate. The results of this study will be used to plan the implementation of a new drinking water testing laboratory near the city of Cap\u2010Haitian and other programs for vulnerable remote areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Topography and road conditions may be more important than distance in determining the accessibility of water testing facilities for rural communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A lack of access to private vehicles is a substantial challenge for many rural communities in accessing water testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The presence of springs in a community had a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.1591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T01:34:46Z","timestamp":1621992886000},"page":"1819-1828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of community\u2010level factors contributing to cholera infection and water testing access in the Northern Corridor of Haiti"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Lonege","family":"Ogisma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Auburn University  Auburn AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Auburn University  Auburn AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Auburn University  Auburn AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-8270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Auburn University  Auburn AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Auburn University  Auburn AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"356","article-title":"Monitoring water sources for environmental reservoirs of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1","volume":"20","author":"Alam M. T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haiti. Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1204927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008WR007606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2013.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Quick guide to drinking water sample collection","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2016"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Environmental aspects of cholera epidemiology. I. A review of selected reports of endemic and epidemic situations during 1961\u20101980","volume":"78","author":"Feachem R. G.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Tropical Diseases Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09640569811731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03841.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Socio\u2010economic determinants of infant and child mortality in Haiti","volume":"34","author":"Gordon R. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.8.4645-4654.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Estimation de la population totale et de la population de plus de 18 ans \u00e0 l'aide des enqu\u00eates de m\u00e9nages","author":"Institut Ha\u00eftien de Statistique et d'Informatique (IHSI)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.XL.1.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.757-770.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.21.2.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Rapport du R\u00e9seau National de Surveillance Chol\u00e9ra","author":"Ministre Sante Publique et de la Population","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00057-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Estimation et pr\u00e9vision de la pauvret\u00e9 et des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de revenus en Ha\u00efti","author":"Pokhriyal N.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jhs.2015.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203333109"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Analysis of travel\u2010time variation over multiple sections of Hanshin expressway in Japan","volume":"102","author":"Sekhar C. R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23120053.2015.1107263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejesm.v5i3.3"}],"container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wer.1591","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/wer.1591","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wer.1591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T11:00:06Z","timestamp":1693306806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wer.1591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/wer.1591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wer.1591","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4303","1554-7531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4303","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-7531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}