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Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficiency of ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> with zirconium tetrachloride (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> with tin tetrachloride (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/SnCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) in remediating the stabilized anaerobic landfill leachate (SAL) from Alor Pongsu, Perak. Hydroxyl radical (OH\u2022) is an important oxidizing agent in the ozonation process. Its presence was tested using <jats:italic>tert<\/jats:italic>\u2010butyl alcohol. Results showed that using ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and SnCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in ozonation boosted the generation of hydroxyl radical, thereby enhancing the oxidation process and pollutant removal inside the sample. The O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> mix at chemical oxygen demand (COD) to ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> ratio of 1:1.5, pH\u20098\u20139, and 90\u2010min reaction time resulted in the highest reduction rates of COD and color at 91.9% and 99.6%, respectively. All results demonstrated that the optimum performance occurred at alkaline conditions (pH\u2009&gt;\u20098), proving that OH radicals primarily oxidized the pollutants through an indirect reaction pathway. The biodegradability (biochemical oxygen demand\/COD) ratio was also considerably improved from 0.02 (raw) to 0.37 using O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, compared with using O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> alone and using O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/SnCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, which only recorded 0.23 and 0.28, respectively, after the treatment. The study demonstrated that O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was the most efficient combination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner Points<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> recorded the highest COD and color removals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/ZrCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> combination also recorded higher OH\u2022 concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The biodegradability of leachate (BOD<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\/COD ratio) improved from 0.02 to 0.37.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.1672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T16:58:22Z","timestamp":1638550702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effectiveness of ozonation with zirconium and tin tetrachloride for stabilized anaerobic landfill leachate treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1405-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Nor Farhana","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah  Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus  Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6287-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamidi Abdul","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus  Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia"},{"name":"Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Technology Research Centre Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus  Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6957-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motasem Y. D.","family":"Alazaiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering (COE) A'Sharqiyah University (ASU)  Ibra Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-013-1320-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0307174X0403100801"},{"volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","year":"2017","author":"Baird R. 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