{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:45:11Z","timestamp":1762868711233,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>This study details about the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in the fresh community pond water (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009257) collected from three districts of West Bengal, India. In total, 57 isolates were MDR of which 38 emerged as extended spectrum and 7 as <jats:italic>Amp<\/jats:italic>C\u2010type \u03b2\u2010lactamase producers in phenotypic assay. Among \u03b2\u2010lactamase genes, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>CTXM\u20101was predominant (87.71%) followed by <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>AmpC (77.2%) and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>TEM\u20101 (22.8%). Six MDR strains carried metallo\u2010\u03b2\u2010lactamase (MBL, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>NDM\u20101) gene. Tissue culture plate assay confirmed strong biofilm (SP) production in four MDR and one non\u2010MDR isolates. In PCR\u2010based replicon typing (PBRT), multiple plasmids of diverse replicon types (Frep, FIB, I1, FIA, K\/B, HI1, and Y) were identified. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus\u2013polymerase chain reaction (ERIC\u2010PCR)\u2010based phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of genetic divergence among the MDR isolates. Multiplex PCR\u2010based phylogrouping categorized 11 isolates as virulent (B2\/D\/F), which carried <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>CTXM\u20101 gene and three had <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>NDM\u20101 gene. Relative transcriptional activity of <jats:italic>Acr<\/jats:italic>AB efflux pump was significantly elevated among the SP and MBL producers. The presence of MDR <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> isolates, particularly those resistant to carbapenem, in pond water used for daily domestic and household work, is a cause of concern as these pathogens may sneak into human food chain causing life\u2010threatening infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner Points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Multidrug\u2010resistant biofilm producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolated from community pond water.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A few of them were carbapenem\u2010resistant and belonged to virulent (B2\/D) types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Expression of <jats:italic>Acr<\/jats:italic>AB efflux pumps was found significantly elevated among biofilm producers and carbapenem\u2010resistant population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.1678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T07:36:13Z","timestamp":1639553773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Elucidating the resistance repertoire, biofilm production, and phylogenetic characteristics of multidrug\u2010resistant <scp><i>Escherichia coli<\/i><\/scp> isolated from community ponds: A study from West Bengal, India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Debaraj","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Kolkata India"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Kalyani  Kalyani India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaydeep","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geetanjali","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences West Bengal University of Animal &amp; Fishery Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Triveni","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Livestock Production and Management ICAR\u2010Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Izatnagar India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keka","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Kalyani  Kalyani India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9529-5715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samiran","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0686-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06047-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-021-02355-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, perspective, policy and mitigation","author":"Bandyopadhyay S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, perspective, policy and mitigation","author":"Bandyopadhyay S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, perspective, policy and mitigation","author":"Bandyopadhyay S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00698-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.fem.20150103.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1589-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/LMBNSWKUI4JPN7SO"},{"volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; 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