{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:27:53Z","timestamp":1790252873281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater poses a critical environmental challenge due to the toxicity and persistence of metals such as Pb(II) and Cd(II). This study evaluated the performance of MIL\u2010101(Fe)\/Graphene Oxide (GO) electrospun nanofibrous membranes as advanced adsorbents for the efficient removal of these metal ions. Structural characterization confirmed a high surface area and uniform integration of MIL\u2010101(Fe) and GO within the fibrous matrix. Batch adsorption experiments revealed maximum removal efficiencies of 93% for Pb(II) and 95% for Cd(II), with optimum performance observed at pH 5.5 and 6.0, respectively. The adsorption process followed pseudo\u2010second\u2010order kinetics (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.98), suggesting chemisorption, and was well described by both Langmuir (q\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 126\u2009mg\/g for Pb(II), 100\u2009mg\/g for Cd(II);\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.98) and Freundlich isotherms (1\/\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20091), indicating favorable monolayer and multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. The thermodynamic analysis confirmed that adsorption was spontaneous (\u0394G\u00b0 values as low as \u22128.6\u2009kJ\/mol for Pb(II)) and endothermic (\u0394H\u00b0 values of 21.5\u2009kJ\/mol for Pb(II) and 18.9\u2009kJ\/mol for Cd(II)). In continuous flow systems, the membranes maintained removal efficiencies above 85% for both metals across 10\u2009cycles at a flow rate of 10\u2009mL\/min. The membranes also exhibited excellent fouling resistance, with flux decline remaining below 10% over 5\u2009cycles, and demonstrated high cleaning efficiency, recovering up to 99.2% of flux through simple deionized water rinsing. Reusability studies showed that the membranes retained over 80% of their original adsorption capacity after eight regeneration cycles in batch mode, and over 70% removal efficiency and 83% water flux after 10 regeneration cycles in real industrial wastewater conditions. These findings demonstrated the robustness, reusability, and scalability of MIL\u2010101(Fe)\/GO membranes for the effective treatment of heavy metal\u2010contaminated industrial effluents. Future studies should explore membrane performance under mixed contaminant conditions and assess techno\u2010economic feasibility at the pilot scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner Points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Advanced nanofibrous membranes with MIL\u2010101(Fe)\/Graphene Oxide (GO) tested for heavy metal removal.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Outstanding performance compared to conventional adsorbents.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>93% Pb(II) and 95% Cd(II) removal at optimum pH conditions (Pb(II): pH 5.5, Cd(II): pH 6.0).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Rapid equilibrium kinetics with 60 minutes compared to 120 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>High surface area and optimal pore size critical for superior performance.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:40:02Z","timestamp":1749170402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Electrospun MIL\u2010101(Fe)\/Graphene Oxide Nanofibrous Composites for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals From Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1170-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timoth","family":"Mkilima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Management The University of Dodoma  Dodoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulzipa","family":"Dakieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Geography Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University  Ust\u2010Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulmira","family":"Adilbektegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelena","family":"Tatina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Karaganda Medical University  Karaganda Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansur","family":"Khussainov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salauat","family":"Kassymkhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Energy NJSC D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University  Ust\u2010Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanagat","family":"Tolubayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Energy NJSC D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University  Ust\u2010Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bitmanov\u00a0Yertas","family":"Zhantasuly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology K.Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibigul","family":"Daukenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Geography Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University  Ust\u2010Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/p\u2010y1y1ln"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/env\u20104\u20101\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.108404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302\u2010023\u201000814\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.643972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2021.26896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2025.100626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engreg.2021.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpc.2020.103010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.104809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watcyc.2024.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311\u2010022\u201001553\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11122117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201090085\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.145715"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su142315579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c05091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2020.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/separations12030070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201058472\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.128991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.122714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.111394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nexus.2023.100197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dwt.2025.101175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270\u2010020\u201004863\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112924"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545\u2010021\u201000127\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14445\/22315381\/IJETT\u2010V69I9P216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2025.100684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA07911A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization A Global Overview of National Regulations and Standards for Drinking\u2010Water Quality 2018.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241513760."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c05310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.3c00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2020.208"}],"container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wer.70105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T18:11:58Z","timestamp":1764439918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wer.70105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/wer.70105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wer.70105","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4303","1554-7531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4303","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-7531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70105"}}