{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T03:12:32Z","timestamp":1774321952523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sewage treatment processes are considered an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O and CH\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      . In rural sewage treatment processes, GHG emissions are often neglected owing to the small scale of treatment and dispersed distribution. In this study, the non\u2010CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      GHG emission quantity, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, and influences factors were analyzed based on rural sewage from 2015 to 2020. Emissions from rural sewage treatment in 2020 reached 122.72 Gg (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010eq), comprising 69.81 Gg N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O and 52.91 Gg CH\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      , representing a 35.29% increase compared to 2015. There are large variations between province\u2010level regions: more GHG was emitted from the eastern than the north\u2010west of China. The treatment of rural domestic sewage can simultaneously purify water quality and decrease GHG emissions, and the improvement in the rate of treatment is beneficial to \u201ccarbon peak and carbon neutralization.\u201d GHG emissions from rural sewage treatment showed a positive correlation with both GDP and sewage discharge, and N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O was positively correlated with protein consumption per capita. This study would provide a theoretical basis for policy formulation, as it supplies basic data on carbon emissions for China's rural sewage treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Rural sewage treatment (RST) plants contribute significantly to GHG emissions.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            N\n                            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                            O emission from rural sewage treatment in 2020 in China was 69.81 Gg.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            CH\n                            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                            emission from rural sewage treatment in 2020 in China was 52.91 Gg.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Large variations in GHG emissions were found between province\u2010level regions.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Domestic RST can simultaneously purify water quality and decrease GHG emissions.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T22:16:14Z","timestamp":1750716974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Rural Sewage Treatment in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control Henan Normal University  Xinxiang Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco\u2010Environmental Sciences Chinese 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Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco\u2010Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Technology  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9937-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunping","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco\u2010Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control Henan Normal University  Xinxiang Henan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingnan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Technology  Hohhot Inner Mongolia China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Agency US Environmental Protection.2012.Summary Report: Global Anthropogenic Non\u2010CO2Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 1990\u20102030. 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