{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T01:32:26Z","timestamp":1773192746122,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002889","name":"Cochin University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUSAT\/AC(C).C2\/3628\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUSAT\/AC(C).C2\/3628\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Coastal flooding increasingly compromises water security while accelerating antimicrobial resistance through enhanced microbial gene transfer. In light of growing concerns over the widespread occurrence of multidrug\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in natural environments, we investigated the emergence and specific traits of classical and hypervirulent phenotypes of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    from domestic water sources in Cochin, India, a region frequently affected by flooding. Isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phenotypic characterization included the string test for hypermucoviscous traits, while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined via disc diffusion and microdilution. The ESBL production was confirmed using the combined disc diffusion test. Biofilm formation was quantified via the microtiter plate method with crystal violet staining. Finally, PCR was employed to detect key resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>blao<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>XA<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and virulence (\n                    <jats:italic>magA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes. Findings revealed that 95% of the isolates were multidrug resistant, with 75% confirmed as ESBLs and 42% displaying hypermucoviscous phenotype. Resistance was observed against critically important antibiotics, including carbapenems and colistin, with the highest Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against ceftazidime and ampicillin (&gt;\u2009256\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Hypervirulent strains exhibited significantly higher resistance levels and formed thicker biofilms compared to classical strains (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01) and highly correlated with multiple antibiotic resistance index (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.90,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), suggesting enhanced environmental persistence. Both phenotypes harbored key resistance genes (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>TEM<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>SHV<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>OXA<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ), indicating a high potential for severe hard\u2010to\u2010treat infections. These findings underscore the urgent need for continuous environmental surveillance and One Health interventions to combat the rise of environmental hypervirulent\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and protect public health in flood\u2010prone regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T06:33:36Z","timestamp":1771310016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence of Hypervirulent, Multidrug\u2010Resistant\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Harboring\n                    <i>magA<\/i>\n                    in Coastal Water Sources: A Public Health Threat in Flood\u2010Prone Communities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesmi","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology  Cochin Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8937-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.\u00a0A.","family":"Aneesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology Cochin University of Science and Technology  Cochin Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3938-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.\u00a0M.","family":"Mujeeb\u00a0Rahiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Fisheries Cochin University of Science and Technology  Cochin Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0136-2911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.\u00a0A.","family":"Mohamed\u00a0Hatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology  Cochin Kerala India"},{"name":"CUSAT\u2010NCPOR Centre for Polar Sciences, School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology  Cochin Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13020078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51966\/jvas.2025.56.1.136-140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14010079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05114\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700062603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231\u20100770.197508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13040426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867322666150530210522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574\u20106941.2000.tb00682.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00031\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Performance 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