{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:06:34Z","timestamp":1785330394196,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111\u20102221\u2010E\u2010110\u2010004\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111\u20102221\u2010E\u2010110\u2010004\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study developed a novel aerogel magnesium oxide (AG\u2010MgO) adsorbent designed for the efficient removal of fluoride from contaminated groundwater. The aerogel method was employed to uniformly mix magnesium nitrate hexahydrate [Mg (NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00b76H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O] with chitosan to form precursor gel beads. Through high\u2010temperature calcination (600\u00b0C), Mg (NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00b76H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O was transformed into MgO particles, which were uniformly attached to the carrier for AG\u2010MgO formation. Batch and column experiments were conducted to characterize the produced AG\u2010MgO, identify optimal conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of practical applications. Characterization results indicated that the synthesized AG\u2010MgO possessed a well\u2010developed porous structure with a specific surface area of 14.9\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/g, a pore volume of 0.2\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/g, and an average pore size of 51.5\u2009nm, providing a 3.5\u2010fold higher surface area than pristine MgO. In batch experiments, the optimal AG\u2010MgO dosage was determined to be 0.6\u2009g\/L for an initial fluoride concentration of 10\u2009mg\/L. The adsorption process was exceptionally well\u2010fitted by the pseudo\u2010second\u2010order kinetic model (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.999) and the Langmuir isotherm model (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.985); maximum adsorption capacity of 128.2\u2009mg\/g, firmly demonstrating that chemisorption was the rate\u2010controlling, dominant mechanism. Furthermore, continuous column trials validated its long\u2010term remediation efficacy, achieving an initial fluoride removal efficiency of 85% within the first three pore volumes (PVs), and maintaining a stable average removal efficiency of 62.4% over extended pumping (4\u201315 PVs). These findings suggest that AG\u2010MgO can be strategically deployed in practical in\u00a0situ groundwater remediation, either via early\u2010stage upstream injection for rapid plume reduction or as a permeable reactive barrier for sustained and long\u2010term concentration control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:05:42Z","timestamp":1783037142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aerogel\u2010Derived Mesoporous MgO for Fluoride Removal: Mechanisms and In\u00a0Situ Groundwater Remediation Potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Jiun\u2010Hau","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5149-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarrn\u2010Horng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sustainability National Tsing Hua University  Hsinchu City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rao Y.","family":"Surampalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability  Lenexa Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian C.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7089-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6151-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Ming","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1VA00039J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w13192660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01932691.2023.2296597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-38004-4_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2022.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14052161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Fluoride Pollution Control Techniques and Principles, Advanced Treatment Technologies for Fluoride Removal in Water: Water Purification","author":"Divyadeepika Y. 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