{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:06:53Z","timestamp":1785330413574,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004508","name":"Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Spore\u2010forming\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are increasingly explored for their potential applications in antimicrobial activity and environmental bioremediation. However, comparative functional characterization of closely related strains with respect to biofilm inhibition, pathogen suppression, and ammonia removal remains limited. In this study, two bacterial isolates (PWR04 and SHPS6) were characterized using morphological, biochemical, and\n                    <jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene sequencing analyses. Spore\u2010forming ability, stress tolerance (bile salt and pH), antibiotic susceptibility, antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition, auto\u2010aggregation, and ammonia\u2010removal efficiency were systematically evaluated. Statistical analyses included\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010test, one\u2010way ANOVA, and two\u2010way ANOVA. Both isolates were identified as members of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    group, showing \u2265\u200999.80% sequence similarity. High spore survival was observed under bile salt (82.21%\u201395.99%) and acidic conditions (81.60%\u201399.48%). No inhibition zones were detected for ampicillin or cloxacillin, whereas inhibition zones reached up to 25.33\u2009mm for chloramphenicol. Limited antibacterial activity was detected in agar well diffusion assays, whereas biofilm inhibition reached 91.79% in PWR04 and 90.00% in SHPS6 under specific conditions. Auto\u2010aggregation increased over time, reaching 76.24% in PWR04 and 71.84% in SHPS6 at 24\u2009h. Ammonia\u2010removal efficiency was significantly affected by concentration and time (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with maximum values of 20.00% (PWR04) and 18.00% (SHPS6). Although both isolates showed multifunctional antimicrobial and bioremediation traits, each displayed \u03b2\u2010hemolysis on sheep blood agar\u2014a virulence\u2010associated phenotype that constitutes a clear safety concern. Genome\u2010based screening for hemolysin and enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance determinants, together with in\u00a0vivo validation, is therefore required before application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:58:13Z","timestamp":1784181493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiofilm, Antimicrobial, and Limited Ammonia\u2010Reduction Activities of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Bacillus cereus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    \u2010Group Isolates From Hot Spring Sediment and Rubber Latex Serum for Aquaculture Water Management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Apinan","family":"Nuisiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus  Surat Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luu Tang Phuc","family":"Khang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orathai","family":"Dangsawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Laboratory and Equipment Center, Office of Surat Thani Campus Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus  Surat Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natwarat","family":"Netnapharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSU. Witthayanusorn Suratthani School  Surat Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achiraya","family":"Nuisee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSU. Witthayanusorn Suratthani School  Surat Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katkanok","family":"Pongpichit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus  Surat Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waraphorn","family":"Sihamok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus  Surat Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Vu","family":"Linh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty 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