{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:56:30Z","timestamp":1790560590991,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Benzophenone\u20104 (BP\u20104) is an emerging pollutant with extensive applications in daily life. BP\u20104 is extensively documented as a persistent, bioaccumulative, hydrophilic compound that spreads rapidly in water and is toxic to aquatic organisms. This study aims to develop a novel adsorbent that efficiently adsorbs BP\u20104 from aqueous solutions. Thus, biochar was prepared from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Alhagi maurorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    biomass (AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    ). To enhance the adsorption capacity of this adsorbent by increasing surface area, promoting the formation of micro\/mesopores, improving structural stability, and introducing oxygen\u2010containing functional groups, a chemical activation with KOH followed by thermal activation was employed. Then, magnetic biochar (Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    ) was prepared by co\u2010precipitation using FeCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and FeCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles were incorporated to provide magnetic recoverability and facilitate the rapid separation and reuse of the adsorbent after BP\u20104 adsorption. Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    was characterized by scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM\/EDS), X\u2010ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller (BET) analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Results confirmed that Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    exhibited significant characteristics, including saturation magnetization (Ms) of 23.4\u2009emu\/g, a hierarchical porous structure with a specific surface area of 741.383\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/g, and abundant functional groups. Adsorption experiments of BP\u20104 revealed a maximum removal efficiency of 94.05% at optimized conditions of pH 5, 0.5\u2009g\/L Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    dose, 15\u2009mg\/L BP\u20104 concentration, and 180\u2009min contact time. Langmuir isotherm model fitted the data with\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    of 0.955 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 62.87\u2009mg\/g. PSO kinetic model described the adsorption of BP\u20104 with\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    of 0.996, confirming the chemisorption process. The study indicated that the adsorption of BP\u20104 on Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    occurred through various mechanisms, including electrostatic attraction, pore filling, \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 interactions, hydrogen bonding, and surface complexation. The regeneration study confirmed the significant reusability and structural stability of Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    , with a slight reduction in efficiency after 5\u2009cycles. In conclusion, Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/AM\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                    proved to be an efficient adsorbent for the remediation of emerging contaminants and a potentially effective means of reusing and managing agricultural waste. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has evaluated magnetically modified biochar as a recyclable adsorbent for the removal of BP\u20104 from aqueous solutions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:44:31Z","timestamp":1786520671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adsorptive Removal of Benzophenone\u20104 (BP\u20104) Using Magnetically Recoverable Fe\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Alhagi maurorum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Activated Biochar: Optimization, Kinetics, Reusability, and Mechanistic 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