{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:56:31Z","timestamp":1790560591375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102026\u201025532898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102026\u201025532898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Valorization of mariculture and industrial solid wastes of oyster shell (OS) and coal fly ash (CFA) into granulated sediment amendments offers a cost\u2010effective and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional landfill disposal. This study evaluates the geochemical effects of granulated OS\u2010CFA at three mixing ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1) on nutrient dynamics in polluted coastal sediments through a 120\u2010day microcosm experiment. Thermally treated OS\u2010CFA enhances pollutant adsorption by increasing porosity and active surface sites, effectively suppressing nutrient release from sediment into overlying water. Hydrolysis of CaO, the main component in OS and CFA, releases Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions, which increase sediment pH and promote ion exchange and precipitation. The amendment of OS\u2010CFA in sediment achieved PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010P removal efficiencies of 41.7% for OS:CFA1:3, 50% for OS:CFA3:1, and 66.7% for OS:CFA1:1, with PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010P concentrations 1.8\u20133.5 times lower than the control by Day 120, likely due to the formation of calcium phosphate and insoluble phosphate precipitates. The formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C\u2010S\u2010H) further suppresses SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010Si concentrations in all OS\u2010CFA treatments. High sediment pH suggests that OS\u2010CFA can neutralize acidic coastal sediments, with increased NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010N concentrations due to the release of ammonia salts from CFA under alkaline conditions. These results show that granulated OS\u2010CFA is a promising material for coastal sediment remediation and eutrophication mitigation, supporting circular economy principles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T08:52:56Z","timestamp":1786438376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Mixed Coal Fly Ash (CFA) and Oyster Shells (OS) on Benthic Nutrient Removal in Eutrophic Coastal Sediments: Microcosm Experiment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8356-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurfarhana Nabila","family":"Mohd Noor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Earth and Environmental Dynamics (SEED) Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee\u2010Eun","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Earth and Environmental Dynamics (SEED) Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niang Ndeye","family":"Fatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Engineering Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1764-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong\u2010Oh","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Earth and Environmental Dynamics (SEED) Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2447-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyunghoi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Engineering Pukyong National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2018.06.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2010.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.06.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete","author":"ASTM","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40741"},{"issue":"781","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Removing Ammonia From Fly Ash","volume":"3","author":"Bittner J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"2001 International Ash Utilization Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/578625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.157165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst10060481"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163\u2010019\u201000858\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2018.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Gasiorowski S. 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