{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:03:02Z","timestamp":1790643782471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002543","name":"Pusan National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated microwave pretreatment using food waste leachate (FWL) as an ionic additive to enhance the solubilization and methane yield of cow manure. The effects of operational parameters, heating methods, and Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentrations were investigated, followed by biochemical methane potential assays and net energy gain assessments. Microwave heating outperformed conventional heating, showing 24%\u201355% higher solubilization despite significantly lower energy inputs. At a target temperature of 40\u00b0C, adding FWL to adjust the Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentration to 2500\u2009mg\/L enhanced ionic conduction, achieving an sCOD concentration of 17,422\u2009mg\/L, which exceeded that of the 60\u00b0C microwave\u2010only condition. Consequently, the FWL\u2010mixed condition achieved the highest methane yield (226\u2009mL CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/g VS\n                    <jats:sub>added<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), a 16% increase compared to the control. Although the net energy gain remained negative, FWL reduced the net energy deficit by 8.11%, suggesting its potential to alleviate the energy burden of microwave pretreatment from a resource circulation perspective.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:51:49Z","timestamp":1789372309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Solubilization and Methane Yield of Cow Manure via Microwave Pretreatment Using Food Waste Leachate as an Ionic Additive"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0224-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junghyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pusan National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7436-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pusan National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7024-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanggyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pusan National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4015-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imgyu","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environment and Energy Pusan National University  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.117494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.01.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141\u20104607(83)90003\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.01.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.07.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2019.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2024.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4491\/KSEE.2017.39.4.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257\u2010020\u20100312\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.11.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.03.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/640717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2014.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w15234033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010024\u201032931\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.7388"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Thermal Properties of Dairy Cattle Manure","volume":"23","author":"Nayyeri M. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Agrophysics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.02.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2021.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2012.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2022.101161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9132703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2015.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155\u2010023\u201010629\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0gc01761b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2014.991354"}],"container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wer.70581","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/wer.70581","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wer.70581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:45:09Z","timestamp":1790642709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wer.70581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/wer.70581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wer.70581","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4303","1554-7531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4303","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-7531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70581"}}