{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:03:21Z","timestamp":1790643801142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study explores efficient degradation of roxithromycin (ROX), a persistent macrolide antibiotic in aqueous solution, using electrocatalytic ozonation (ECO) technology. High\u2010performance Ru\u2010Ir electrode (1:4\u2010M ratio) was prepared by thermal decomposition on titanium substrate. Characterization showed mud\u2010crack morphology with rough porous surface enhancing electrocatalytic activity, oxygen evolution overpotential (1.40\u20131.60\u2009V), chlorine evolution overpotential (1.30\u20131.40\u2009V), and superior stability (charge transfer resistance 14.38\u2009\u03a9). A novel internal circulation reactor was engineered with ozone or reaction solution as fluidizing medium to boost mass transfer efficiency, prolong pollutant residence time, and optimize ozone utilization. Synergistic ECO resulted in complete ROX removal within 60\u2009min, outperforming individual processes. Optimal parameters (current density 10\u2009mA\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) achieved synergy factor of 1.21 and coordination index of 2.78. Radical quenching experiments and UPLC\u2010QTOF\/MS analysis confirmed \u2022OH as primary oxidant, with \u2022O\n                    <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    and ozone contributions, and proposed three plausible degradation pathways involving oxidative attacks on nitrogen\u2010containing heterocycles, glycosidic bonds, and macrolide ring leading to cleavages, rearrangements, and ultimate mineralization into CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O. This research provides experimental and theoretical support for scaling up ECO systems in antibiotic\u2010laden wastewater treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:36:06Z","timestamp":1789950966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrocatalytic Ozonation Roxithromycin in Aqueous Solution: Synergistic Effect and Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5038-6193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangyang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Yiwu Water Supply Company Limited  Yiwu 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