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This critical review evaluates nanosensors and nanosorbents for pharmaceutical\u2010pollution monitoring and control using matrix recovery, reference\u2010method bias, assay time, breakthrough behavior, regeneration retention, leaching, and life\u2010cycle burden as performance criteria. Nanosensors offer rapid, low\u2010volume detection, but field evidence remains limited by fouling, calibration drift, cross\u2010reactivity, and scarce multiweek validation. Nanosorbents provide high surface area and tunable selectivity, yet equilibrium capacities frequently overstate performance because continuous\u2010flow breakthrough, multisolute competition, and repeated regeneration are underreported. The strongest evidence supports hotspot surveillance, near\u2010line monitoring, hospital or manufacturing sidestream treatment, and modular reuse polishing. Wider deployment requires authentic\u2010matrix testing, standardized reporting, particle containment, action\u2010linked thresholds, and integrated techno\u2010economic and life\u2010cycle assessment. Thus, nano\u2010enabled systems are most credible as targeted modules complementing analytical and treatment infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:01:48Z","timestamp":1790575308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanosensors and Nanosorbents for Pharmaceutical Pollution: Toward Integrated Environmental Management: A Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2176-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CT University  Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.10.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Release and Detection of Nanosized Materials From Nanotechnology\u2010Enabled Water Treatment Systems","volume":"102","author":"Adeleye A. 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