{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:35:27Z","timestamp":1793086527232,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding natural hydrogeochemical processes and anthropogenic disturbances is essential for sustainable groundwater management. This study investigated groundwater hydrogeochemical evolution in Xingtai, North China, using hydrochemical data from three campaigns (2016:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200961; 2022:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200989; 2024:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200948) via integrated approaches including Piper and Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, chloro\u2010alkaline indices (CAI), principal component analysis (PCA), and nitrate\u2010based health risk assessment. Groundwater was predominantly Ca\u2013HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    type but shifted toward Ca\u2013SO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , with Ca\u2013HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    decreasing from 83.6% to 58.3% and Ca\u2013SO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    increasing from 16.4% to 37.5%. Rock weathering dominated groundwater chemistry in every campaign, with essentially all samples plotting in the rock\u2010weathering domain of the Gibbs diagram (100% of 2016 samples, 95.5% of 2022 samples, and 97.9% of 2024 samples). CAI analysis revealed a shift from dominantly direct ion exchange in 2016\u20132022 toward a more balanced regime with reverse ion exchange becoming more prominent in 2024. The proportion of samples with unacceptable non\u2010carcinogenic risks (HQ \u2265\u20091) for children rose from none in 2022 to 2.1% in 2024, confined to persistent, co\u2010located hot spots, underscoring the need for targeted nitrate management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:53:27Z","timestamp":1790650407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deciphering Groundwater Hydrogeochemical Evolution and Anthropogenic Influences in Xingtai, North China: Insights From Multivariate Analysis, Nitrate Indicators, and Health Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ninth Geological Brigade, Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration  Xingtai Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaorui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renze Comprehensive Ecological &amp; Environmental Law Enforcement Brigade Xingtai City  Xingtai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xingtai Land Reserve Center  Xingtai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1931-2202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinlu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tangshan Municipal Tap Water Company Ltd  Tangshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2023.100207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403\u2010018\u20100288\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.119663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w16142060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403\u2010018\u20100289\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Water Quality Data: Analysis and Interpretation","author":"Hounslow A. 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