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Biocarrier\u2010assisted MBRs (BC\u2010MBRs) have emerged as a promising strategy to simultaneously improve pollutant removal and mitigate fouling through microbial ecological regulation. This review critically evaluates polymeric, carbon\u2010based, and iron\u2010based biocarriers, with emphasis on their effects on microbial community assembly, biofilm development, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), soluble microbial products (SMP), and membrane fouling. Current evidence indicates that biocarriers enhance biomass retention, promote microbial functional specialization, and create stratified ecological niches that support nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and degraders of recalcitrant contaminants. Membrane fouling is increasingly recognized as a reactor\u2010wide ecological process involving interactions among bulk sludge, membrane cake layers, and carrier\u2010associated biofilms. Quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ) are further considered as biologically targeted approaches for controlling biofilm development and fouling. Reported QQ applications have achieved approximately 10%\u201380% reductions in EPS production and 25%\u201365% reductions in biofilm accumulation, while extending membrane filtration cycles by two\u2010 to four\u2010fold. Integrating QQ with biocarrier\u2010based systems represents a promising direction for next\u2010generation fouling control. Future research should prioritize mechanistic carrier\u2010microbe\u2010fouling relationships, multifunctional carrier design, intelligent process control, and pilot\u2010 and full\u2010scale validation. Overall, BC\u2010MBRs provide a versatile platform for enhancing treatment efficiency, fouling resistance, and operational sustainability in advanced wastewater treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:16:03Z","timestamp":1790921763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incorporating Biocarriers in Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment and Membrane Fouling Control From a Microbial Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4682-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phan Nhu","family":"Nguyet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (HCMUS)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU\u2010HCM)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0180-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Thi Mai","family":"Phuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (HCMUS)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU\u2010HCM)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0993-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngo Hoang","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (HCMUS)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU\u2010HCM)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duong Hoang","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (HCMUS)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU\u2010HCM)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6193-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Phuoc","family":"Hieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (HCMUS)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU\u2010HCM)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Ai","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (HCMUS)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU\u2010HCM)  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068\u2010024\u201002592\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311\u2010020\u201001049\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.101233"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2012.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes13080690"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003\u2010024\u201006623\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2015.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.148112"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.128064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2023.104230"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2012.915"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140547"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choo K.\u2010H. 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