{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:38:40Z","timestamp":1792510720408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022015","name":"Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005621","name":"Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The recovery of partial nitritation and anammox (PN\/A) process after starvation remains challenging. Substrate limitation disrupts microbial activity and delays the restoration of nitrogen removal performance. Therefore, PN\/A nitrogen removal performance was evaluated in a 20\u2010L laboratory\u2010scale continuous stirred\u2010tank reactor (CSTR) containing sponge carriers across four operational phases. The four phases included 3\u2010month starvation, gradual substrate reintroduction under suspended\u2010growth conditions, transitional stabilization with sponge media, and attached\u2010growth recovery under higher nitrogen loading without external acetate supplementation. The laboratory reactor was operated at a nitrogen loading rate of 0.4\u20130.7\u2009kg\u2009N\/(m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7d), dissolved oxygen below 0.1\u2009mg\/L, and without organic carbon addition. The nitrogen removal efficiency, microbial community composition, and microbial markers of the laboratory\u2010scale reactor were compared with those of two well\u2010operated full\u2010scale systems in Korea and the United States. Total nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 90% across all three systems when the ammonia\u2010to\u2010nitrite ratio (NH\u2084\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    :NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was maintained between 1:1 and 1:1.5 at low BOD\/TN ratio of &lt;\u20090.05. Next\u2010generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq, 16S rRNA amplicon profiling at a sequencing depth of 41,120\u201357,097 reads\/sample) was employed to determine the relative abundance of nitrogen\u2010transforming microbial communities, specifically the anammox group, across the three systems. The results showed that the anammox bacteria in all three systems belonged to\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Brocadia. Following gene\u2010specific PCR amplification of the anammox community, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) identified\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Brocadia fulgida. This species exhibits high environmental adaptability and is commonly detected in full\u2010scale systems operated for &gt;\u20095\u2009years. Molecular analysis indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Brocadia fulgida persisted in the system throughout the 3\u2010month starvation period, facilitating the re\u2010establishment of the attached\u2010growth PN\/A process. The successful recovery of the laboratory\u2010scale reactor yielded nitrogen removal performance comparable to that of the full\u2010scale PN\/A systems, demonstrating that the Brocadia group serves as a keystone taxon during process recovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:32:15Z","timestamp":1792503135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recovery of\n                    <i>Candidatus<\/i>\n                    Brocadia fulgida Persisted After a 3\u2010Month Starvation Period: Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microbial Marker Identification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7688-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wannakarn","family":"Sonkhum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9876-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarawee","family":"Kaewyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3428-3147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumeth","family":"Wongkiew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0624-8694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi\u2010Wang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Tamkang University  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5956-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pongsak (Lek)","family":"Noophan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0470-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w12010020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63672-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-023-00533-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2022.105376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2007.00408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00744"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es500632k"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"What Is the Best Biological Process for Nitrogen Removal: When and Why? 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