{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:16:31Z","timestamp":1790226991021,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005421","name":"Guilan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) infection is commonly associated with olfactory dysfunctions, but the basic pathogenesis of these complications remains controversial. This study seeks to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in determining the molecular neurometabolite alterations within the main brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a cross\u2010sectional study, seven patients with persistent COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia (mean age: 29.57 years) and seven healthy volunteers (mean age: 27.28 years) underwent MRS in which N\u2010acetyl\u2010aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and their ratios were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insular cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Data were analyzed using TARQUIN software (version 4.3.10), and the results were compared with an independent sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and nonparametric Mann\u2013Whitney test based on the normality of the MRS data distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean duration of anosmia before imaging was 8.5 months in COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia group. MRS analysis elucidated a significant association between MRS findings within OFC and COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>disease<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and NAA was among the most important neurometabolites (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.006). Reduced levels of NAA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Cr (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and <jats:sup>NAA<\/jats:sup>\/<jats:sub>Cho<\/jats:sub> ratio (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) within OFC characterize COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study emphasizes that MRS can be illuminating in COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia and indicates a possible association between central nervous system impairment and persistent COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T13:01:27Z","timestamp":1693227687000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings of brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID\u201019\u2010related anosmia: A preliminary comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shadman","family":"Nemati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9119-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Haghani Dogahe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"},{"name":"Guilan Road Trauma Research Center Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Guilan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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