{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:16:24Z","timestamp":1782818184930,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medication\u2010related osteonecrosis of the temporal bone is rare and has been reported to be associated with the use of anti\u2010resorptive and biologic agents. Here, we present the first case of tyrosine\u2010kinase inhibitor\u2010related external auditory canal (EAC) osteonecrosis as well as two cases related to anti\u2010resorptive therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case one: an 84\u2010year\u2010old female presented with chronic otitis externa and osteonecrosis of EACs bilaterally. She had a history of osteoporosis treated with denosumab and risedronic acid. She successfully underwent left EAC reconstruction using an inferiorly\u2010based pedicle periosteal flap while the right ear canal was managed conservatively. Case two: a 69\u2010year\u2010old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right EAC. He had a history of osteoporosis treated with alendronic acid and zoledronic acid. His osteonecrosis is conservatively managed with local debridement and antibiotic application. Case three: a 60\u2010year\u2010old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right inferior EAC. He had a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with a tyrosine\u2010kinase inhibitor, imatinib. After failing conservative therapy, he underwent right ear canal reconstruction using a periosteal vascular pedicle flap without complication and experienced complete resolution to his symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010resorptive agents and\/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors may lead to dysregulation of bone remodeling and result in rare cases of temporal bone osteonecrosis. When a local debridement and antibiotic therapy fail, definitive surgical excision of necrotic bone with subsequent reconstruction of the EAC may offer patients a possible resolution in symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T06:44:40Z","timestamp":1701672280000},"page":"237-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three cases of uncommon medication\u2010associated osteonecrosis of temporal bone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4302-5729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hunter","family":"VanDolah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Jeffrey","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-12-0400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20132330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200411000-00004"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wjo2.146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T11:38:08Z","timestamp":1725363488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wjo2.146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/wjo2.146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wjo2.146","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-8811","2589-1081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-1081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}