{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:38:35Z","timestamp":1741754315900,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the incidence of head and neck cancer in patients exposed to Agent Orange and related dioxins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies were identified through CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. Primary studies were identified through April 2023. Articles were included reporting incidence of head and neck cancer and\/or deaths due to head and neck cancer in participants exposed to Agent Orange. Meta\u2010analysis of proportions was conducted to calculate incidence and mortality by primary site in those who were exposed to Agent Orange and for control groups. A comparison of proportions was used to compare rates in exposed and control groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1530 unique abstracts screened, 13 studies were included in the systematic review. Of the exposed patients with reported subsites, oral cavity (31.2%), and larynx (14%) were the most common. Of the exposed patients with reported deaths and subsites, oropharynx (0.25%) was the most common primary site in patients who died. The most common subsites of those who were not exposed, oropharynx (0.13%), and larynx (0.16%). Head and neck cancer of all subsites was more common in those exposed to Agent Orange than in unexposed controls (difference 0.061%; 95% confidence interval: 0.04%\u20130.08%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that head and neck cancer is more common in those who were exposed to Agent Orange than those who were not. Additionally, individuals exposed to Agent Orange were more likely to die from head and neck cancer. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate subsite\u2010specific outcomes given the limitations of our study design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T12:11:47Z","timestamp":1719490307000},"page":"138-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agent Orange and head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3631-5624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil P.","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey A.","family":"Duckett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaun A.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason G.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra E.","family":"Kejner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Greer","family":"Albergotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam","year":"1994","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018)","year":"2018","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1"},{"volume-title":"Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure","year":"2011","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.4.476"},{"volume-title":"Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000","year":"2001","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Third Biennial Update)","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LuiAJ PagadalaMS ZhongAY et al. 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