{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:57:08Z","timestamp":1788386228136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational studies imply that noise may increase the likelihood of developing tinnitus. However, no causal relationship has been established between the two using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we aimed to determine the potential causal relationship between noise and various categories of tinnitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with noise and tinnitus from a large genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) of European individuals. UK Biobank (UKB) provided summary data for both entities. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was implemented as the primary method for evaluating effect estimates. Using Weighted median and MR\u2013Egger regression, heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated using sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The random\u2010effects IVW approach revealed a causal relationship between noise and the three onset tinnitus (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.052, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.013\u20131.092, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008; OR\u2009=\u20091.248, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.177\u20131.323, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20091.133, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.058\u20131.213, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Noise was not a risk factor for tinnitus in the past (OR\u2009=\u20090.999, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.934\u20131.068, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.969). Validation with various Mendelian randomization methodologies and sensitivity analyses confirmed the findings' consistency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This Mendelian Randomization study provides causal evidence that noise is a risk factor for the onset of tinnitus but is not a risk factor for developing tinnitus in the past.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T07:20:01Z","timestamp":1727076001000},"page":"189-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Noise and the risk of tinnitus: A two\u2010sample Mendelian randomized study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4375-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He\u2010Sen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\uff0dHead and Neck Surgery Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Qin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Kao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo\u2010Facial Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\uff0dHead and Neck Surgery Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\uff0dHead and Neck Surgery Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 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