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The most common indication for the Draf \u2162 procedure is chronic rhinosinusitis of the frontal sinuses despite the failure of more conservative interventions such as bilateral Draf \u2161a procedures. Primary Draf \u2162 may be indicated in patients with a high risk of failures such as those with severe polyposis and those with a frontal sinus opening less than 4\u2009mm on computed tomography imaging. Other indications for\u00a0the Draf \u2162 include access for tumor removal and repair of traumatic fractures of the frontal sinus. The \u201cinside\u2010out\u201d Draf \u2162 procedure is the standard approach when the frontal recess anterior\u2013posterior diameter is wide enough for instrument access, usually larger than 4\u20135\u2009mm. The \u201coutside\u2010in\u201d Draf \u2162 procedure can be done when the frontal recess is too narrow to safely accommodate instruments. Regular follow\u2010up with debridement should be done to prevent neo\u2010ostium stenosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T05:06:06Z","timestamp":1652159166000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Draf III procedure: A review of indications and techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Noller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob L.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Gudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center New York Presbyterian Hospital New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894061150S903"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70296-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70295-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.291085118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-1810(10)80087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-1810(06)80012-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21738"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713923"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3880"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2016.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065897781446793"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47664-5.00011-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Long terms results of Draf type III (modified endoscopic Lothrop) frontal sinus drainage procedure in 122 patients: a single centre experience","volume":"49","author":"Georgalas C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21695_c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200205000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27607-6_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3731"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2017.31.4458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24422"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - 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