{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:00:00Z","timestamp":1779879600932,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucociliary clearance is an important defense mechanism in human upper and lower respiratory airways. Impairment of this process by certain conditions such as cigarette smoking can predispose to chronic infection and neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study conducted in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Eligible adults were enrolled, a saccharine test was conducted, and the nasal mucociliary clearance time was assessed. Analysis of the result was carried out using Statistical Product and Service Solutions\u00a0version 23.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 225 participants categorized into 75 active smokers (33.3%), 74 passive smokers (32.9%), and 76 nonsmokers (33.8%, living in a smoking\u2010free zone). The age range of the participants was between 18 and 50 years, with a mean age of (31.2\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6) years. All participants were males. There were 139 (61.8%) of Hausa\u2010Fulani ethnic group, 24 (10.7%) Yoruba, 18 (8.0%) Igbo, and 44 (19.5%) other ethnic groups. Findings in this study showed that the average mucociliary clearance time among active smokers was prolonged ([15.25\u2009\u00b1\u20096.20]\u2009min) compared to passive ([11.41\u2009\u00b1\u20094.25]\u2009min) and nonsmokers ([9.17\u2009\u00b1\u20092.76]\u2009min) respectively, with a statistical significance (<jats:italic>F\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200933.59, <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001). Binary logistic regression revealed that the number of cigarettes smoked per day was an independent predictor of prolonged mucociliary clearance time (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.008, odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.44, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.24\u20130.80).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active cigarette smoking is associated with prolonged nasal mucociliary clearance time. The number of cigarette sticks smoked per day was found to be an independent predictor of prolonged mucociliary clearance time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.61","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T19:53:03Z","timestamp":1655495583000},"page":"53-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance time in Kano metropolis, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Federal Medical Centre Yola Yola Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of ENT Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar D.","family":"Salisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel S.","family":"Kolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad G.","family":"Hasheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafisatu","family":"Bello\u2010Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad R.","family":"Tukur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasir J.","family":"Nuhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabiu I.","family":"Jalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital\/Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppneu.2012.03.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"A preliminary study of nasal mucociliary clearance in smokers, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis patients","volume":"13","author":"Mahakit P","year":"1995","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy 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