{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:25:46Z","timestamp":1767867946146,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by excessive fibrin deposition which is related to impaired production of tissue plasminogen activator(t\u2010PA) by epithelial cells. This study aims to evaluate whether t\u2010PA expression in endothelial cells is also decreased under the inflammatory milieu of CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascularity and proangiogenic genes expression in polyp tissues from eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) and non\u2010eosinophilic CRSwNP (neCRSwNP) were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real\u2010time PCR. Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing data set of CRS, Immunohistochemistry were used. Human primary nasal endothelial cells were stimulated by IL\u201013 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 with or without retinoic acid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed the increased expression of proangiogenic genes and vascularity in both eCRSwNP and neCRSwNP. Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining revealed that t\u2010PA expression was decreased in endothelial cells of polyp tissues. In vitro study, IL\u201013 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 could significantly attenuate t\u2010PA expression in endothelial cells, which can be rescued by retinoic acid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings showed a significant contribution of endothelial cells in the production of t\u2010PA in sinonasal tissues. Furthermore, the levels of t\u2010PA in endothelial cells could also be impaired in the inflammatory environment of CRSwNP. Retinoic acid could restore t\u2010PA expression in endothelial cells impaired by inflammatory cytokines (including IL\u201013 and IFN\u2010 \u03b3), thus degrading the deposited fibrin in polyp tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:24:54Z","timestamp":1767846294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decreased Production of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Endothelial Cells From Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Qian\u2010Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Rhinology Research Center Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University and People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shanghai Shigatse China"},{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Rhinology Research Center Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University and People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shanghai Shigatse China"},{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Ni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Rhinology Research Center Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University and People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shanghai Shigatse China"},{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu\u2010Ying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Rhinology Research Center Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University and People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shanghai Shigatse China"},{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Zhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Rhinology Research Center Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University and People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shanghai Shigatse China"},{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi\u2010Rui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Rhinology Research Center Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University and People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shanghai Shigatse China"},{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"De\u2010Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi\u2010Cai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Rhinology Research Center Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University and People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shanghai Shigatse China"},{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology People's Hospital of Shigatse City Shigatse China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22741","article-title":"International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis 2021","volume":"11","author":"Orlandi R. 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