{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:16:22Z","timestamp":1788340582326,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper aims to explore the current state of otorhinolaryngology\u2014head and neck surgery (ORL\u2010HNS) training and practice in Ethiopia, identify major barriers to development, and also highlight the optimistic prospects for the future, with strategies to build a self\u2010sustaining ORL\u2010HNS specialty capable of meeting the growing needs of the Ethiopian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a mixed\u2010methods approach, combining quantitative data from a cross\u2010sectional survey, qualitative data from semi\u2010structured interviews with otolaryngologists practicing in Ethiopia, and quantitative data from a review of relevant literature and publicly available datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 53 otolaryngologists practicing in Ethiopia participated in the survey. Head and neck surgery has progressed, with all major oncology surgeries now performed. Training opportunities for higher specialization are limited. Generally, there is a shortage of ORL\u2010HNS clinical and surgical care equipment, outdated equipment, and poor maintenance availability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even with remarkable workforce growth, training for audiologists, speech therapists, and fellowship\u2010trained otolaryngologists in the country is needed. Sustainable advancement and access to safe and affordable surgery will require strong collaborative efforts from multiple fronts, including improvements in the surgical supply chain, access to affordable surgical equipment, and institutional\u2010level horizontal funding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite strides over the past two decades, significant deficits remain in Ethiopia's capacity to provide otolaryngologic care. Efforts aimed at bridging these disparities must focus not only on providing general and advanced training opportunities for local physicians but also on expanding access to basic resources and equipment needed for practice and making care more widely available outside of major population centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T08:32:41Z","timestamp":1788337961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Progress and Prospects in Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Eyassu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliyas","family":"Asfaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schaaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9962-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cody L.","family":"Messick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assaye","family":"Nibret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seid","family":"Temam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethio Tebib General Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nardos Getachew","family":"Bulfeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassaw","family":"Ketemaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Bahir Dar University College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebrewahd","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mekelle University College of Health Sciences Mekelle Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kebede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Wiedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60160-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Essential Surgery: Disease Control Priorities","author":"Bickler S. 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