{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:50:13Z","timestamp":1791445813698,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2508405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2508405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2508403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2508403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the middle ear microbiome in Meniere's disease (MD) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Middle ear smears from 10 MD patients (ME group) and 10 chronic suppurative otitis patients (OE group) were collected during surgery and processed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ME group demonstrated significant differences in alpha diversity (Shannon\/Simpson index,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and beta diversity (ANOSIM\/PERMANOVA, the Bray\u2010Curtis distance matrix,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.144,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05;\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.107,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to OE group, and the PERMDISP showed lower heterogeneity in the ME group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                      <jats:italic>Ruminococcus, Ochrobactrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Halomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the genus level were enriched in the ME group, and the difference reached marginal significance. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis (LefSe) identified\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides, Halomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      as significantly enriched in ME, while\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseriales<\/jats:italic>\n                      was downregulated (|LDA|\u2009&gt;\u20092,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). BugBase phenotype analysis revealed that facultatively anaerobic bacteria and bacteria containing mobile genetic elements were significantly reduced in the ME group compared to the OE group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The proportion of anaerobes was higher in the ME group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.123). Nine KEGG metabolic pathways were enriched in the ME group, though the difference was not significant after correction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggested that inner ear inflammation resulted from middle ear dysbiosis may contribute to MD pathogenesis, offering novel perspectives for MD etiology and therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:53:46Z","timestamp":1791442426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of the Middle Ear Microbiome in Meniere's Disease by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Compared to Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2714-9150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Ting","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery People's Hospital of Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery People's Hospital of Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery People's Hospital of Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6845-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u2010Sheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery People's Hospital of Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116972","article-title":"Meniere's Disease: Pathogenesis, Treatments, and Emerging Approaches for an Idiopathic Bioenvironmental Disorder","volume":"238","author":"Mohseni\u2010Dargah M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1534994","article-title":"Living With M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's Disease: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis","volume":"42","author":"Talewar K. 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