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We sought to characterize the association of provider density on hepatobiliary cancer population\u2010level incidence and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>County\u2010level hepatobiliary cancer incidence and mortality data from 2016 to 2020 and provider data from 2016 to 2018 were obtained from the CDC and Area Health Resource File. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to evaluate the relationship between provider density and hepatobiliary cancer incidence and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1359 counties, 851 (62.6%) and 508 (37.4%) counties were categorized as urban and rural, respectively. The median number of providers in any given county was 104 (IQR: 44\u2013306), while provider density was 120.1 (IQR: 86.7\u2013172.2) per 100,000 population; median household income was $51,928 (IQR: $45,050\u2013$61,655). Low provider\u2010density counties were more likely to have a greater proportion of residents over 65\u00a0years of age (52.7% vs. 49.6%) who were uninsured (17.4% vs. 13.2%) versus higher provider\u2010density counties (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Moreover, all\u2010stage incidence, late\u2010stage incidence, and mortality rates were higher in counties with low provider density. On multivariable analysis, moderate, and high provider density were associated with lower odds of all\u2010stage incidence, late\u2010stage incidence, and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher county\u2010level provider density was associated with lower hepatobiliary cancer\u2010related incidence and mortality. Efforts to increase access to healthcare providers may improve healthcare equity as well as long\u2010term cancer outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.12316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T03:33:32Z","timestamp":1723779212000},"page":"2243-2252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of county\u2010level provider density with hepatobiliary cancer incidence and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7196-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Musaab","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razeen","family":"Thammachack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selamawit","family":"Woldesenbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zayed","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujtaba","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Dillhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2013.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010010\u20101457\u2010z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Cervical Cancer Rates and the Supply of Primary Care Physicians in Florida","volume":"35","author":"Campbell R. 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