{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:01:07Z","timestamp":1792004467600,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Indigenous knowledge healers (IKHs) provide alternative healthcare to formal health services in rural South Africa, but there is a gap in knowledge regarding their treatment of surgical conditions. This study evaluated IKH surgical care and described their perspective of the dual health system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross sectional survey of IKHs in the Madwaleni Hospital catchment of the Eastern Cape, South Africa was conducted. Topics included the training and experience of IKHs, treatment of nine common surgical conditions, referral patterns, disease origin beliefs, benefits and limitations of care, and collaborative opportunities between the two health systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010five IKHs completed the survey. IKHs were consulted by persons with all nine surgical conditions. The most common forms of treatment were application of an ointment on the affected site (88%) and oral medication (82%). Operative treatment was only done for abscess. Referrals to the formal healthcare sector were made for all surgical conditions. IKHs reported that they were limited by their lack of training and resources to perform operations. On the other hand, they perceived the treatment of the spiritual aspect of surgical disease as a benefit of their care. Thirty\u2010five (100%) IKHs were interested in closer collaboration with the formal health sector.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IKHs treat surgical conditions but refer to the formal health sector when diagnostic and operative services are needed. More research is needed to determine the potential advantages and disadvantages between the formal health sector and IKH collaboration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.12356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T09:43:37Z","timestamp":1728985417000},"page":"2708-2715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The role of indigenous healers in treating surgical conditions in the rural Eastern Cape of South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Sangana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Rodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery University Hospital of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ntombekhaya","family":"Tshabalala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Imijeloyophuhliso Foundation  East London South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patheka","family":"Mhlatyelwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khaya Youth  Madwaleni South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madwaleni District Hospital  Madwaleni South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health Walter Sisulu University  Mthatha South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gubela","family":"Mji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disability and Rehabilitation Studies Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010021\u201006271\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20103156.2011.02730.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.14.146571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277\u20109536(94)90226\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0975087814554070"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Predictors of Indigenous Healer Use Among Samoans","volume":"9","author":"Mishra S. 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