{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:58:32Z","timestamp":1787979512762,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although burn injury survival has improved significantly in high\u2010income countries (HICs) over the past 3\u00a0decades, low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) continue to experience high mortality rates. Prior studies have attributed burn mortality to factors, such as total body surface area burned, inhalation injury, and under\u2010resuscitation, primarily focusing on late deaths in HICs. This study examines the characteristics of early versus late burn deaths in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients admitted to the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) burn unit in Lilongwe, Malawi. Bivariable analyses, followed by a multivariable logistic regression analysis, were performed to evaluate factors influencing early mortality (death within 3\u00a0days of burn injury).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 2315 patients analyzed, 397 (17.1%) died, with 109 (27.4%) classified as early deaths. The median age was 2\u00a0years (IQR 2\u20137), and there was a slight male preponderance in both early and late death cohorts. The estimate plot demonstrated bimodal peaks in mortality within one and 7 days postinjury. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that patients who did not receive adequate fluid resuscitation within 24 h of injury were significantly more likely to experience early death (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.20\u20137.29, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). The predictive probabilities showed a significant decrease in mortality with increased length of stay in the burn unit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adequate fluid resuscitation within 24 h is crucial for improving survival and may mitigate early mortality in pediatric patients with burn, emphasizing the need for targeted treatment protocols in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T02:48:01Z","timestamp":1752979681000},"page":"2328-2334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factors Associated With Early Versus Late Mortality Following Pediatric Burn Injury in a Resource\u2010Limited Setting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sonam J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jotamu","family":"Gondwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kamuzu Central Hospital  Lilongwe Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selena","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tori E.","family":"Hester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7332-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Kamuzu Central Hospital  Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina 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