{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:21:05Z","timestamp":1772983265659,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the optimal time for the repair of inguinal hernia in preterm infants. Our review aims to comprehensively synthesize the available evidence and provide robust, up\u2010to\u2010date insights into the clinical outcomes of delayed versus early repair of inguinal hernia in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A comprehensive search across PubMed, Cochrane Library,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/Clinicaltrials.gov\">Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , and Embase was conducted from inception until July 2024 to include RCTs and cohort studies comparing early versus delayed inguinal hernia repair. The odds ratios (ORs) were pooled along with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all clinical endpoints with the random effects model using RevMan 5.4.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our meta\u2010analysis pooled 10 studies involving 4253 preterm infants. The early hernia repair group had lower odds of developing incarceration (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34\u20130.54,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001) but increased respiratory complications (OR 5.17, 95% CI 3.97\u20136.73,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001) and recurrence rates (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.18\u20138.92,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02) as compared to the delayed group. There were no statistically significant differences in testicular atrophy (OR 1.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.91), iatrogenic ascending testis (OR 1.71,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.61), postoperative hydrocele (OR 3.69,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.21) or bowel injury (OR 1.16,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.88) between early and delayed repair groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Timing of inguinal hernia repair requires balancing the risk of incarceration with anesthetic and recurrence concerns. Early hernia repair reduces incarceration but is associated with higher rates of respiratory complications and recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T04:44:17Z","timestamp":1753505057000},"page":"2540-2548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meta\u2010Analysis to Determine Optimal Timing for Repair of Inguinal Hernia in Pre\u2010Term Infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Tallal Mushtaq","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadiah","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tehreem","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Edward Medical University  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation University Medical College  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdullah","family":"Kashif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soban","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khawaja Haris","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arooj","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMH Kharian Medical College  Kharian Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javed","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2814-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raheel","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Royal Brompton Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areeba","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Edward Medical University  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mushood","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8100853"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.21\u20106\u2010e392"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Inguinal Hernia Management in Preterm Infants: Addressing Current Issues of Interest","volume":"60","author":"Patoulias I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia Medica Cracoviensia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029\u2010019\u201001877\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2019.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2023.104.5.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins J. 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