{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T21:52:05Z","timestamp":1782856325434,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute brain injury (ABI) is a severe, life\u2010threatening condition with high mortality and morbidity rates. Surgical intervention is often necessary for patients with intracranial hematomas or refractory increased intracranial pressure, necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. These patients may experience both extubation failure and prolonged intubation during treatment. This study analyzed the risk factors associated with extubation failure and prolonged intubation in patients with ABIs who underwent surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, 641 adult patients with ABIs, including spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury, who required mechanical ventilation for &gt;\u00a048\u00a0h and survived for &gt;\u00a014\u00a0days after surgery, were included. Clinical data, including demographics, clinical characteristics, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores, and laboratory test results, were analyzed at admission and before extubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of recruited patients was 61.12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.60\u00a0years. In total, 496 (92.9%) patients were successfully extubated after meeting the criteria for weaning and passing the spontaneous breathing test, and 38 (7.1%) were reintubated. Prolonged intubation (&gt;\u00a014\u00a0days) was observed in 217 patients (33.9%). Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors. GCS at the time of extubation was an independent predictor of reintubation, whereas age and initial GCS were identified as independent predictors of prolonged intubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study comprehensively characterizes indicators of both extubation failure and prolonged intubation in patients with ABI following surgery. Identifying these risk factors will enable timely intervention and precise prognostic assessment during the early management of patients with ABI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.70057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:31:02Z","timestamp":1756189862000},"page":"2689-2698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk Factors for Extubation Failure and Prolonged Intubation in Patients With Acute Brain Injury Following Surgery: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9179-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ue\u2010Cheung","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8572-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsueh\u2010Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Yunlin University of Science and Technology  Yunlin Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u2010Ting","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch  Yunlin Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(17)30371\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.2003060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001379"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201608\u2010620OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120\u2010022\u201000336\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2021.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134\u2010022\u201006825\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028\u2010023\u201001693\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152\u20107806.155757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9905102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806\u201037132013000300010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028\u2010010\u20109346\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103\u2010507X.20130037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028\u2010008\u20109059\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2011.08.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"S196","article-title":"Predictors of Extubation Failure in Neurosurgical Patients","volume":"54","author":"Le\u00f3n\u2010Guti\u00e9rrez M. 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