{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:05:03Z","timestamp":1787321103906,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006511","name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index for surgically amenable causes, its progress since 1990, and the gap compared to non\u2010surgical HAQ across 204 countries and territories in 2019 for children (up to 14\u00a0years) and overall populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Global Burden of Disease 2019 study provided mortality\u2010to\u2010incidence ratios and risk\u2010standardized death rates for 32 causes with preventable mortality. Of these, 14 (18) and 9 (17) causes were considered surgical (non\u2010surgical) for the overall population and children, respectively. We constructed composite indices ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) using the adjusted Mazziotta Pareto index methodology. The ratio of surgical HAQ in 2019 to that in 1990 noted a change over time. Surgical\u2010to\u2010non\u2010surgical HAQ ratio gave the relative gap in 2019. Ratios &gt;\u00a01 depicted improvement over time or better\u2010performing surgical care systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2019, the overall surgical HAQ varied from 18.00 for the Central African Republic to 98.25 for Canada. The child surgical HAQ index varied from 39.87 for Chad to 99.41 for San Marino. For both surgical HAQ indices, 202 countries noted progress from 1990 to 2019. Only 31 countries (15.2%) had greater surgical HAQ index values than their non\u2010surgical counterparts. The child surgical HAQ index lagged non\u2010surgical for 61.28% of countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low\u2010income countries had limited progress in surgical HAQ indices since 1990 and lagged behind the non\u2010surgical HAQ index in 2019 the most. These findings are valuable for global evaluations, policymaking, and advocacy for investing in surgical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T01:55:27Z","timestamp":1763690127000},"page":"3419-3430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Indexing Healthcare Access and Quality for Surgically Amenable Causes of Death: A Global Analysis of 204 Countries and Territories in 2019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1176-1529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddhesh","family":"Zadey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR)  Pune Maharashtra India"},{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth  Pune Maharashtra India"},{"name":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1745-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Staton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara N.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ricardo","family":"Nickenig Vissoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute Duke University  Durham North Carolina 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