{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:02:47Z","timestamp":1780736567982,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anal fissure, a common anorectal disorder, usually presents with pain, bleeding, and itching during or after defecation. These fissures can be classified as acute, chronic, or acute on chronic, depending on the duration of symptoms (6\u00a0weeks or less for acute and more than 6\u00a0weeks for chronic). Traditional treatment involves medical interventions to reduce sphincter tone and improve blood flow. Topical calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have shown promising results in conservative management. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Nifedipine versus Diltiazem ointments in treating anal fissures through a double\u2010blind, randomized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From August 2022 to November 2023, 110 patients with acute, chronic, or acute\u2010on\u2010chronic anal fissures were randomized into two groups, receiving 1\u00a0g of either 0.3% Nifedipine and 2% lidocaine or 2% Diltiazem and 2% lidocaine ointments twice daily for 6\u00a0weeks. The primary outcome was assessed using the REALISE score, which measures pain, bleeding, and overall quality of life. Secondary outcomes included perianal irritation and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both treatments significantly improved the REALISE scores, with reductions from baseline to 6\u00a0weeks indicating effective symptom relief. Nifedipine reduced the score from 17.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9 to 5.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0001), while Diltiazem reduced it from 16.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9 to 5.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0001). Healing rates were comparable between groups (70.9% for Nifedipine and 67.3% for Diltiazem), and both treatments were well\u2010tolerated with minimal side effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirms that both Nifedipine and Diltiazem are effective first\u2010line treatments for anal fissures, offering viable short\u2010term non\u2010surgical options. Further research with longer follow\u2010up and multicentric studies is needed to evaluate long\u2010term outcomes and treatment combinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was registered in the Indian Clinical Trials Registry under the code: CTRI\/2022\/04\/042081. Registered on April 22, 2022 (URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/ctri.nic.in\/Clinicaltrials\/rmaindet.php?trialid=66601%26EncHid=71722.40664%26modid=1%26compid=19\">https:\/\/ctri.nic.in\/Clinicaltrials\/rmaindet.php?trialid=66601&amp;EncHid=71722.40664&amp;modid=1&amp;compid=19<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      )\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.70361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:49:16Z","timestamp":1776340156000},"page":"1493-1500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Double\u2010Blind Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Nifedipine and Diltiazem Ointments in the Treatment of Anal Fissure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2192-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Disciplines All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghav","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Disciplines All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3687-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pooja","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8975-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piyush","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Disciplines All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi 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