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It is believed that noninvasive imaging techniques, which offer the ability to track the status of cells after transplantation, will expedite progress in this field and help to achieve maximized therapeutic effect. Today's biomedical imaging technology allows for real\u2010time, noninvasive monitoring of grafted stem cells including their biodistribution, migration, survival, and differentiation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of nanoparticle\u2010labeled cells being one of the most commonly used techniques. Among the advantages of MR cell tracking are its high spatial resolution, no exposure to ionizing radiation, and clinical applicability. In order to track cells by MRI, the cells need to be labeled with magnetic nanoparticles, for which many types exist. There are several cellular labeling techniques available, including simple incubation, use of transfection agents, magnetoelectroporation, and magnetosonoporation. In this overview article, we will review the use of different magnetic nanoparticles and discuss how these particles can be used to track the distribution of transplanted cells in different organ systems. Caveats and limitations inherent to the tracking of nanoparticle\u2010labeled stem cells are also discussed.<jats:italic>WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol<\/jats:italic>2011 3 343\u2013355 DOI: 10.1002\/wnan.140<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology &gt; Cells at the Nanoscale<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Diagnostic Tools &gt; In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,5]],"date-time":"2011-04-05T20:14:19Z","timestamp":1302034459000},"page":"343-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Tracking stem cells using magnetic nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Stacey M.","family":"Cromer 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