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Notably, devastating diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID\u201019) currently do not have vaccine therapies. Conventional vaccine platforms, such as live attenuated vaccines and whole inactivated vaccines, can be difficult to manufacture, may cause severe side effects, and can potentially induce severe infection. Subunit vaccines carry far fewer safety concerns due to their inability to cause vaccine\u2010based infections. The applicability of protein nanoparticles (NPs) as vaccine scaffolds is promising to prevent infectious diseases, and they have been explored for a number of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Many types of protein NPs exist, including self\u2010assembling NPs, bacteriophage\u2010derived NPs, plant virus\u2010derived NPs, and human virus\u2010based vectors, and these particular categories will be covered in this review. These vaccines can elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses against specific pathogens, as well as provide protection against infection in a number of animal models. Furthermore, published clinical trials demonstrate the promise of applying these NP vaccine platforms, which include bacteriophage\u2010derived NPs, in addition to multiple viral vectors that are currently used in the clinic. The continued investigations of protein NP vaccine platforms are critical to generate safer alternatives to current vaccines, advance vaccines for diseases that currently lack effective prophylactic therapies, and prepare for the rapid development of new vaccines against emerging infectious diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery &gt; Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Biology\u2010Inspired Nanomaterials &gt; Protein and Virus\u2010Based Structures<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T02:31:26Z","timestamp":1604889086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Advancements in protein nanoparticle vaccine platforms to combat infectious disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Butkovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7398-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szu\u2010Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines3030620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7041726"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911798376226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.14.1696"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3155-11-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130858"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011218107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_12_1","unstructured":"BioRender.COVID\u201019 Vaccine & Therapeutics Tracker(2020). 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