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Even though the origin and evolution of OA rely on different factors that are not yet elucidated nor understood, the development of novel strategies to treat OA has emerged in the last years. Cartilage degradation is the main hallmark of the pathology though alterations in bone and synovial inflammation, among other comorbidities, are also involved during OA progression. From a molecular point of view, a vast amount of signaling pathways are implicated in the progression of the disease, opening up a wide plethora of targets to attenuate or even halt OA. The main purpose of this review is to shed light on the recent strategies published based on nanotechnology for the early diagnosis of the disease as well as the most promising nano\u2010enabling therapeutic approaches validated in preclinical models. To address the clinical issue, the key pathways involved in OA initiation and progression are described as the main potential targets for OA prevention and early treatment. Furthermore, an overview of current therapeutic strategies is depicted. Finally, to solve the drawbacks of current treatments, nanobiomedicine has shown demonstrated benefits when using drug delivery systems compared with the administration of the equivalent doses of the free drugs and the potential of disease\u2010modifying OA drugs when using nanosystems. We anticipate that the development of smart and specific bioresponsive and biocompatible nanosystems will provide a solid and promising basis for effective OA early diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Diagnostic Tools &gt; In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies &gt; Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T03:09:25Z","timestamp":1660532965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["New insights in osteoarthritis diagnosis and treatment: Nano\u2010strategies for an improved disease management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7332-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Paesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Arag\u00f3n Materials Science Institute, ICMA  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Alejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Arag\u00f3n Materials Science Institute, ICMA  Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Aragon (IIS Aragon)  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicito","family":"Garcia\u2010Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute Aragon (IIS Aragon)  Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Department of Orthopedic Surgery &amp; 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