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However, current vaccines still have shortcomings such as insufficient cellular immunity, the lack of cross\u2010protection, and the risk of antibody\u2010dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the prevention and control of pandemic viruses including Ebola Virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Influenza A viruses, Zika, and current SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 are still extremely challenging. Nanoparticles with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, hold promising potentials for the development of ideal vaccines against these viral infections. Moreover, the approval of the first nanoparticle\u2010based mRNA vaccine BNT162b has established historic milestones that greatly inspired the clinical translation of nanovaccines. Given the safety and extensive application of subunit vaccines, and the rapid rise of mRNA vaccines, this review mainly focuses on these two vaccine strategies and provides an overview of the nanoparticle\u2010based vaccine delivery platforms to tackle the current and next global health challenges.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery &gt; Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery &gt; Emerging Technologies<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T05:44:01Z","timestamp":1664775841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nanovaccines to combat virus\u2010related diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fuhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug\u2010Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant\u2010Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug\u2010Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant\u2010Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug\u2010Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant\u2010Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0218-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug\u2010Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant\u2010Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","article-title":"The efficacy of therapeutic DNA vaccines expressing the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins for treatment of cervical cancer: Systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Aimagambetova G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03530-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00346-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30694-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5482087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c00326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06048-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020380"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61185-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S137222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","article-title":"mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: Principles, delivery and clinical translation","volume":"20","author":"Chaudhary N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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