{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:28:35Z","timestamp":1773286115102,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> contrast agents based on Fe(III) as an alternative to Gd\u2010based compounds have been under intense scrutiny in the last 6\u20138\u2009years and a number of nanostructures have been designed and proposed for in vivo diagnostic and theranostic applications. Excluding the large family of superparamagnetic iron oxides widely used as <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010MR imaging agents that will not be covered by this review, a considerable number and type of nanoparticles (NPs) have been employed, ranging from amphiphilic polymer\u2010based NPs, NPs containing polyphenolic binding units such as melanin\u2010like or polycatechols, mixed metals such as Fe\/Gd or Fe\/Au NPs and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions. Iron(III) exhibits several favorable magnetic properties, high biocompatibility and improved toxicity profile that place it as the paramagnetic ion of choice for the next generation of nanosized MRI and theranostic contrast agents. An analysis of the examples reported in the last decade will show the opportunities for relaxivity and MR\u2010contrast enhancement optimization that could bring Fe(III)\u2010doped NPs to really compete with Gd(III)\u2010based nanosystems.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Diagnostic Tools &gt; In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Diagnostic Tools &gt; Diagnostic Nanodevices<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery &gt; Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T16:18:01Z","timestamp":1666023481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["High spin Fe(<scp>III<\/scp>)\u2010doped nanostructures as <i>T<\/i><scp><sub>1<\/sub> MR<\/scp> imaging probes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4192-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Botta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technological Innovation University of Piemonte Orientale  Alessandria Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos F. 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