{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:24:44Z","timestamp":1787757884208,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":209,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014810","name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tumor\u2010derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are major mediators of oncogenic intercellular communication. However, many studies using conditioned media (CM) recover operationally defined EV\u2010 or small EV\u2010enriched fractions rather than biogenesis\u2010proven exosomes. This review synthesizes evidence from CM\u2010derived tumor EV studies and aligns their biological interpretation with current EV nomenclature, characterization, and reporting principles. We first discuss exosome biogenesis as a defined endosomal pathway and then examine how CM collection, serum handling, culture format, oxygen tension, conditioning interval, isolation strategy, storage, and co\u2010isolated material shape EV yield, cargo composition, and apparent biological activity. Mechanistically, CM\u2010based studies have clarified how tumor\u2010derived EV\u2010enriched preparations can support pre\u2010metastatic niche formation, immune evasion through PD\u2010L1 and regulatory RNA cargo, stromal and endothelial remodeling, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. We also evaluate EV\u2010associated miRNA and protein biomarkers as candidate liquid\u2010biopsy analytes, emphasizing that their diagnostic value remains assay\u2010, cohort\u2010, and workflow\u2010dependent. Therapeutically, the review distinguishes mechanisms inferred from CM\u2010derived tumor EV studies from engineered EV platforms for drug, RNA, cytokine, vaccine, or immune\u2010agonist delivery. Across these areas, we emphasize that robust EV\u2010specific biological interpretations require complementary and methodologically independent characterization, purity and co\u2010isolate assessment, EV\u2010depleted CM, add\u2010back or rescue designs, cargo perturbation, enzymatic controls where appropriate, and dose\u2010normalized functional assays. Advances in microfluidics, immunoaffinity capture, single\u2010vesicle analysis, and multi\u2010omics profiling are improving resolution, but translation will depend on standardized workflows, product\u2010 or biomarker\u2010specific validation, scalability, potency metrics, safety, regulatory\u2010grade quality control, and more explicit integration with in\u00a0vivo and clinically annotated datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This article is categorized under:\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology &gt; Nanoscale Systems in Biology<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Diagnostic Tools &gt; Diagnostic Nanodevices<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery &gt; Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:41:03Z","timestamp":1787229663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conditioned Media\u2010Derived Tumor Extracellular Vesicles: Bridging Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Applications in Oncology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alaya","family":"Alkaabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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