{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:36:36Z","timestamp":1793082996150,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82571148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82571148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) offers a non\u2010antibiotic strategy for combating drug\u2010resistant and biofilm\u2010associated infections, but conventional photosensitizers are limited by aggregation, poor targeting, hypoxia, and insufficient biofilm penetration. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide structurally programmable platforms that can organize photoactive units, modulate excited\u2010state evolution, regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and integrate bacterial targeting or microenvironment\u2010responsive functions. This review examines COF\u2010based aPDT from a structure\u2013photophysics\u2013ROS\u2013biological response perspective. We discuss the structural identity of COF\u2010based platforms, core photodynamic mechanisms, photoactive building blocks, and enhancement strategies including metal coupling, targeting engineering, responsive release, photothermal assistance, and multimodal therapy. Current challenges, including mechanistic over\u2010attribution, biofilm\u2010relevant validation, oxygen dependence, stability, biosafety, and standardization, are critically analyzed. Finally, we highlight mechanism\u2010guided design and translational evaluation as key requirements for advancing COF\u2010based aPDT toward clinically relevant antimicrobial applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:12:18Z","timestamp":1790345538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Covalent Organic Frameworks as Next\u2010Generation Photosensitizers: Mechanistic Underpinnings and Emerging Advances in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mingcan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases &amp; Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University  Changchun 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5696-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases &amp; Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniofacial Diseases &amp; Tissue Reconstruction, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University  Changchun 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