{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:09:19Z","timestamp":1792145359045,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]],"date-time":"2015-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]],"date-time":"2015-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder (OCD) often co\u2010occurs with anorexia nervosa (AN), a comorbid profile that complicates the clinical management of both conditions. This population\u2010based study aimed to examine patterns of comorbidity, longitudinal risks, shared familial risks and shared genetic factors between OCD and AN at the population level. Participants were individuals with a diagnosis of OCD (N=19,814) or AN (N=8,462) in the Swedish National Patient Register between January 1992 and December 2009; their first\u2010, second\u2010 and third\u2010degree relatives; and population\u2010matched (1:10 ratio) unaffected comparison individuals and their relatives. Female twins from the population\u2010based Swedish Twin Register (N=8,550) were also included. Females with OCD had a 16\u2010fold increased risk of having a comorbid diagnosis of AN, whereas males with OCD had a 37\u2010fold increased risk. Longitudinal analyses showed that individuals first diagnosed with OCD had an increased risk for a later diagnosis of AN (risk ratio, RR=3.6), whereas individuals first diagnosed with AN had an even greater risk for a later diagnosis of OCD (RR=9.6). These longitudinal risks were about twice as high for males than for females. First\u2010 and second\u2010degree relatives of probands with OCD had an increased risk for AN, and the magnitude of this risk tended to increase with the degree of genetic relatedness. Bivariate twin models revealed a moderate but significant degree of genetic overlap between self\u2010reported OCD and AN diagnoses (r\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    =0.52, 95% CI: 0.26\u20100.81), but most of the genetic variance was disorder\u2010specific. The moderately high genetic correlation supports the idea that this frequently observed comorbid pattern is at least in part due to shared genetic factors, though disorder\u2010specific factors are more important. These results have implications for current gene\u2010searching efforts and for clinical practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,26]],"date-time":"2015-09-26T00:09:18Z","timestamp":1443226158000},"page":"333-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Etiological overlap between obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa: a longitudinal cohort, multigenerational family and twin study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Cederl\u00f6f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"R\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mataix\u2010Cols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of the lifetime prevalence of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"53","author":"Rubenstein CS","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The epidemiology and differential diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"55","author":"Rasmussen SA","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171100078X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09913.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199504)17:3<291::AID-EAT2260170310>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00831-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000742"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Obsessive\u2010compulsive spectrum disorders. Refining the research agenda for DSM\u2010V","author":"Phillips KA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260701563619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/scnp.2001.22263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448480209603445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.9.1279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211070110"}],"container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fwps.20251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fwps.20251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wps.20251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/wps.20251","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wps.20251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:45:47Z","timestamp":1785372347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wps.20251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/wps.20251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20251","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1723-8617","2051-5545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1723-8617","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-5545","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}