{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:00:06Z","timestamp":1791979206174,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>People with severe mental illness (SMI) \u2013 schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder \u2013 appear at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but a comprehensive meta\u2010analysis is lacking. We conducted a large\u2010scale meta\u2010analysis assessing the prevalence and incidence of CVD; coronary heart disease; stroke, transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular disease; congestive heart failure; peripheral vascular disease; and CVD\u2010related death in SMI patients (N=3,211,768) versus controls (N=113,383,368) (92 studies). The pooled CVD prevalence in SMI patients (mean age 50 years) was 9.9% (95% CI: 7.4\u201013.3). Adjusting for a median of seven confounders, patients had significantly higher odds of CVD versus controls in cross\u2010sectional studies (odds ratio, OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.27\u20101.83; 11 studies), and higher odds of coronary heart disease (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.47\u20101.55) and cerebrovascular disease (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.21\u20101.66). People with major depressive disorder were at increased risk for coronary heart disease, while those with schizophrenia were at increased risk for coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and congestive heart failure. Cumulative CVD incidence in SMI patients was 3.6% (95% CI: 2.7\u20105.3) during a median follow\u2010up of 8.4 years (range 1.8\u201030.0). Adjusting for a median of six confounders, SMI patients had significantly higher CVD incidence than controls in longitudinal studies (hazard ratio, HR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.60\u20101.98; 31 studies). The incidence was also higher for coronary heart disease (HR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.30\u20101.82), cerebrovascular disease (HR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.26\u20102.14), congestive heart failure (HR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.64\u20102.70), and CVD\u2010related death (HR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.53\u20102.24). People with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were all at increased risk of CVD\u2010related death versus controls. CVD incidence increased with antipsychotic use (p=0.008), higher body mass index (p=0.008) and higher baseline CVD prevalence (p=0.03) in patients vs. controls. Moreover, CVD prevalence (p=0.007), but not CVD incidence (p=0.21), increased in more recently conducted studies. This large\u2010scale meta\u2010analysis confirms that SMI patients have significantly increased risk of CVD and CVD\u2010related mortality, and that elevated body mass index, antipsychotic use, and CVD screening and management require urgent clinical attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T10:10:38Z","timestamp":1494583838000},"page":"163-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1585,"title":["Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large\u2010scale meta\u2010analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health Glen Oaks NY 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