{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:04:24Z","timestamp":1790319864888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report on a global survey of diagnosing mental health professionals, primarily psychiatrists, conducted as a part of the development of the ICD\u201011 mental and behavioural disorders classification. The survey assessed these professionals' use of various components of the ICD\u201010 and the DSM, their attitudes concerning the utility of these systems, and usage of \u201cresidual\u201d (i.e., \u201cother\u201d or \u201cunspecified\u201d) categories. In previous surveys, most mental health professionals reported they often use a formal classification system in everyday clinical work, but very little is known about precisely how they are using those systems. For example, it has been suggested that most clinicians employ only the diagnostic labels or codes from the ICD\u201010 in order to meet administrative requirements. The present survey was conducted with clinicians who were members of the Global Clinical Practice Network (GCPN), established by the World Health Organization as a tool for global participation in ICD\u201011 field studies. A total of 1,764 GCPN members from 92 countries completed the survey, with 1,335 answering the questions with reference to the ICD\u201010 and 429 to the DSM (DSM\u2010IV, DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR or DSM\u20105). The most frequent reported use of the classification systems was for administrative or billing purposes, with 68.1% reporting often or routinely using them for that purpose. A bit more than half (57.4%) of respondents reported often or routinely going through diagnostic guidelines or criteria systematically to determine whether they apply to individual patients. Although ICD\u201010 users were more likely than DSM\u20105 users to utilize the classification for administrative purposes, other differences were either slight or not significant. Both classifications were rated to be most useful for assigning a diagnosis, communicating with other health care professionals and teaching, and least useful for treatment selection and determining prognosis. ICD\u201010 was rated more useful than DSM\u20105 for administrative purposes. A majority of clinicians reported using \u201cresidual\u201d categories at least sometimes, with around 12% of ICD\u201010 users and 19% of DSM users employing them often or routinely, most commonly for clinical presentations that do not conform to a specific diagnostic category or when there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis. These results provide the most comprehensive available information about the use of diagnostic classifications of mental disorders in ordinary clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T19:56:07Z","timestamp":1527796567000},"page":"187-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Do mental health professionals use diagnostic classifications the way we think they do? A global survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michael B.","family":"First","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahilia J.","family":"Rebello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Mental Health Program Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared W.","family":"Keeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachna","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Kulygina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Psychiatry Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Claire","family":"Stona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry for Solidarity and Health Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Mental Health Program Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene New York NY USA"},{"name":"World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.6.946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2013.804189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796014000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.2.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(88)90036-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2001.00888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(93)90060-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670601109931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/IMH0020-7411360402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Comparison of psychiatrists' views on classification of mental disorders in four East Asian countries\/areas. 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