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To this end, this paper reviews critical aspects of the assessment of insomnia and the available treatment options. These options include both non\u2010medication treatments, most notably cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, and a variety of pharmacologic therapies such as benzodiazepines, \u201cz\u2010drugs\u201d, melatonin receptor agonists, selective histamine H1 antagonists, orexin antagonists, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and non\u2010selective antihistamines. A review of the available research indicates that rigorous double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled trials are lacking for some of the most commonly administered insomnia therapies. However, there are an array of interventions which have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects in insomnia in trials with the above features, and whose risk\/benefit profiles have been well characterized. These interventions can form the basis for systematic, evidence\u2010based treatment of insomnia in clinical practice. We review this evidence base and highlight areas where more studies are needed, with the aim of providing a resource for improving the clinical management of the many patients with insomnia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:09:05Z","timestamp":1568002145000},"page":"337-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["The assessment and management of insomnia: an update"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Krystal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Francisco School of Medicine  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco School of Medicine  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aric 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