{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:36:25Z","timestamp":1792035385808,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although the concept of pathological grief dates back at least as far as Freud\u2019s \u201c\n                    <jats:italic>Mourning and Melancholia<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d, there has been opposition to its recognition as a distinct mental disorder. Resistance has been overcome by evidence demonstrating that distinctive symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) \u2013 an attachment disturbance featuring yearning for the deceased, loss of meaning and identity disruption \u2013 can endure, prove distressing and disabling, and require targeted treatment. In acknowledgement of this evidence, the American Psychiatric Association Assembly has recently voted to include PGD as a new mental disorder in the DSM\u20105\u2010TR. We tested the validity of the new DSM criteria for PGD and of an adapted version of our PG\u201013 scale, the PG\u201013\u2010Revised (PG\u201013\u2010R), designed to map onto these criteria, using data from investigations conducted at Yale University (N=270), Utrecht University (N=163) and Oxford University (N=239). Baseline assessments were performed at 12\u201024 months post\u2010loss; follow\u2010up assessments took place 5.3\u201012.0 months later. Results indicated that the PG\u201013\u2010R grief symptoms represent a unidimensional construct, with high degrees of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83, 0.90 and 0.93, for Yale, Utrecht and Oxford, respectively). The DSM PGD diagnosis was distinct from post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (phi=0.12), major depressive disorder (phi=0.25) and generalized anxiety disorder (phi=0.26) at baseline. Temporal stability was remarkable for this diagnosis (r=0.86, p&lt;0.001). Kappa agreement between a PG\u201013\u2010R threshold symptom summary score of 30 and the DSM symptom criterion for PGD was 0.70\u20100.89 across the datasets. Both the DSM PGD diagnosis and the PG\u201013\u2010R symptom summary score at baseline were significantly associated (p&lt;0.05) with symptoms and diagnoses of major depressive disorder, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder and\/or generalized anxiety disorder, suicidal ideation, worse quality of life and functional impairments at baseline and at follow\u2010up, in the Yale, Utrecht and Oxford datasets. Overall, the DSM\u20105\u2010TR criteria for PGD and the PG\u201013\u2010R both proved reliable and valid measures for the classification of bereaved individuals with maladaptive grief responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T02:17:40Z","timestamp":1610677060000},"page":"96-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":441,"title":["Validation of the new DSM\u20105\u2010TR criteria for prolonged grief disorder and the\n                    <scp>PG\u201013\u2010Revised<\/scp>\n                    (\n                    <scp>PG\u201013\u2010R<\/scp>\n                    ) scale"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Holly G.","family":"Prigerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Center for Research on End\u2010of\u2010Live Care Weill Cornell Medicine  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Boelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"ARQ Research ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre  Diemen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Center for Research on End\u2010of\u2010Live Care Weill Cornell Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten V.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Center for Research on End\u2010of\u2010Live Care Weill Cornell Medicine  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"124","volume-title":"A general selection from the works of Sigmund Freud","author":"Freud S","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000198200.20936.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2018.1527415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180903070392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02757-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.11.2175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2020.111135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000252009.45915.b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.7.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.5.616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.2.202","article-title":"Treatment of bereavement\u2010related major depressive episodes in later life: a controlled study of acute and continuation treatment with nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy","volume":"156","author":"Reynolds CF","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.21.2601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.ICD\u201011 guidelines.https:\/\/gcp.network\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","article-title":"Comparison of six proposed diagnostic criteria sets for disturbed grief","author":"Boelen PA","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","article-title":"Prolonged Grief Disorder (PG\u201013) scale. 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