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Besides medications, psychosocial\u00a0inter\u00adventions and brain stimulation techniques are treatment options for children\/adolescents with mental disorders. For this umbrella review, we\u00a0systematically searched network meta\u2010analyses (NMAs) and meta\u2010analyses (MAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating 48 medications, 20 psychosocial interventions, and four brain stimulation techniques in children\/adolescents with 52 different mental disorders or groups of mental disorders, reporting on 20 different efficacy\/acceptability outcomes. Co\u2010primary outcomes were disease\u2010specific symptom reduction and all\u2010cause discontinuation (\u201cacceptability\u201d). We included 14 NMAs and 90 MAs, reporting on 15 mental disorders or groups of mental disorders. Overall, 21 medications outperformed placebo regarding the co\u2010primary outcomes, and three psychosocial interventions did so (while seven outperformed waiting list\/no treatment). Based on the meta\u2010analytic evidence, the most convincing efficacy profile emerged for amphetamines, methylphenidate and, to a smaller extent, behavioral therapy in attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder; aripiprazole, risperidone and several psychosocial interventions in autism; risperidone and behavioral interventions in disruptive behavior disorders; several antipsychotics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders; fluoxetine, the combination of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and interpersonal therapy in depression; aripiprazole in mania; fluoxetine and group CBT in anxiety disorders; fluoxetine\/selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, CBT, and behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder; CBT in post\u2010traumatic stress disorder; imipramine and alarm behavioral intervention in enuresis; behavioral therapy in encopresis; and family therapy in anorexia nervosa. Results from this umbrella review of interventions for mental disorders in children\/adolescents provide evidence\u2010based information for clinical decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T04:44:50Z","timestamp":1621313090000},"page":"244-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain stimulation interventions in children and adolescents with mental disorders: an umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health  Glen Oaks, New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell  Hempstead NY USA"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience Feinstein Institute for Medical Research  Manhasset NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Solent NHS Trust  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone New York University Child Study Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Croatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Department University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of\u00a0Mental\u00a0Health ASL Salerno  Salerno Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damir","family":"Krinitski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur  Winterthur Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Arrondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Mind\u2010Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society University of Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo\u00a0G.","family":"Ostinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department Oxford University  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Zangani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Fornaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Federico II University  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Estrad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical\u2010detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; 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