{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:09:52Z","timestamp":1792112992471,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":256,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychiatry has always been characterized by a range of different models of and approaches to mental disorder, which have sometimes brought progress in clinical practice, but have often also been accompanied by critique from within and without the field. Psychiatric nosology has been a particular focus of debate in recent decades; successive editions of the DSM and ICD have strongly influenced both psychiatric practice and research, but have also led to assertions that psychiatry is in crisis, and to advocacy for entirely new paradigms for diagnosis and assessment. When thinking about etiology, many researchers currently refer to a biopsychosocial model, but this approach has received significant critique, being considered by some observers overly eclectic and vague. Despite the development of a range of evidence\u2010based pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies, current evidence points to both a treatment gap and a research\u2010practice gap in mental health. In this paper, after considering current clinical practice, we discuss some proposed novel perspectives that have recently achieved particular prominence and may significantly impact psychiatric practice and research in the future: clinical neuroscience and personalized pharmacotherapy; novel statistical approaches to psychiatric nosology, assessment and research; deinstitutionalization and community mental health care; the scale\u2010up of evidence\u2010based psychotherapy; digital phenotyping and digital therapies; and global mental health and task\u2010sharing approaches. We consider the extent to which proposed transitions from current practices to novel approaches reflect hype or hope. Our review indicates that each of the novel perspectives contributes important insights that allow hope for the future, but also that each provides only a partial view, and that any promise of a paradigm shift for the field is not well grounded. We conclude that there have been crucial advances in psychiatric diagnosis and treatment in recent decades; that, despite this important progress, there is considerable need for further improvements in assessment and intervention; and that such improvements will likely not be achieved by any specific paradigm shifts in psychiatric practice and research, but rather by incremental progress and iterative integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T10:59:16Z","timestamp":1662634756000},"page":"393-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":304,"title":["Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment in the 21st century: paradigm shifts versus incremental integration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Shoptaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel V.","family":"Vigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crick","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim","family":"Cuijpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Bantjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31612-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","article-title":"Primary\u2010level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries","volume":"8","author":"Ginneken N","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203796757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.3.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01955628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Selling sickness: how the world's biggest pharmaceutical companies are turning us all into patients","author":"Moynihan R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100617727266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.847460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31823d54be"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.3501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11899-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10040570"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Mental health atlas 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743715625935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0070-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.179093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1229.40565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-022-00516-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reim\u00adagining the mental health paradigm for our col\u00adlective well\u2010being","volume":"22","author":"Chapman A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371305800904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719002265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S337814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002859"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Bulik\u2010Sullivan B et al. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain","author":"The Brainstorm Consortium","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2021.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.17.2221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14040449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20010055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","first-page":"501","article-title":"D\u2010Cycloserine augmentation of exposure\u2010based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive\u2010compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of individual participant data. JAMA","volume":"74","author":"Mataix\u2010Cols D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01367-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1288-1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0705-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17030283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19111158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15060753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19040386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-019-01119-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0835-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","article-title":"Bishop DVM al et","volume":"1","author":"Munaf\u00f2 MR","year":"2017","journal-title":"A manifesto for reproducible science. Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhu040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.1\/eshorter"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720004183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0093906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17121383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0767-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X09991567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3090195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124189018001004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.076794"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2021.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2021.102158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","volume-title":"Out of the shadows: confronting Amer\u00adica's mental illness crisis","author":"Torrey EF","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.8.1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"An overview of the mental health system in Italy","volume":"45","author":"Lora A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2019.1680341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02587203.2016.1266799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.115030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","volume-title":"Mental health pol\u00adicy,\u00a0plans and programmes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization. mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non\u2010specialized health settings: mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP). version 2.0","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","article-title":"Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long\u2010term health conditions","volume":"3","author":"Coulter A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-021-01142-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30634-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.189282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01064816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9476-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0549-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08050721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hop0000064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12r07757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0027950107086171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30024-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105318781872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105318755264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32133-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856216641310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.2017.1345039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1838-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JMHTEP-10-2013-0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416656258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32343-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105318766139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.6.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720004584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2019.2925338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_158_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Digital technologies in psychiatry: present and future","volume":"16","author":"Hirschtritt ME","year":"2018","journal-title":"Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0836-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GhoshS SahuS GangulyNet al.EmoKey: an emotion\u2010aware smartphone keyboard for mental health monitoring. Presented at the 11th International Conference on Communication Systems & Networks Bangalore January2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS.2019.8711078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_167_1","article-title":"Smartphone ownership is growing rapidly around the world, but not always equally","volume":"5","author":"Silver L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pew Research Center, February"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11715"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822201-0.00014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2020.1835840"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.5165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0465-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-018-0028-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0166-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-019-0164-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.5961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.4328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2018-102891"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0093-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30169-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_195_1","volume-title":"Empire of pain: the secret history\u00a0of the Sackler Dynasty","author":"Keefe PR","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_196_1","volume-title":"Systematic literature review of the relationship between adolescents\u2019 screen time, sleep and mental health","author":"Martin A","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2350-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7904-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822201-0.00019-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201600541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00474-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_206_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Understanding the development and perception of global health for more effective student education","volume":"87","author":"Chen X.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.050831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.115063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1110827"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.11.1470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-197605001-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20692"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czz179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00298-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-016-9295-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12145-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226317175.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_228_1","volume-title":"Structure of scientific revolutions","author":"Kuhn TS","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226922706.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_230_1","volume-title":"Problems of living: perspectives from philosophy, psychiatry and cognitive\u2010affective science","author":"Stein D.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0902-4441.2000.007s020[dash]14.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_233_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"The child & adolescent mental health crisis: closing the service gap","volume":"54","author":"Melnyk BM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Imprint"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_235_1","article-title":"Psychiatry in crisis?","volume":"9","author":"Jablensky A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Back to fundamentals. World Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_236_1","volume-title":"Rethinking psychiatry: from cultural category to personal experience","author":"Kleinman A.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30333-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00014-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai7598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0519-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.2\/rnesse"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615370818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815063-4.00004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1983.0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-009-0051-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.3\/tban"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00122-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2500"}],"container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wps.20998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/wps.20998","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wps.20998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T17:09:54Z","timestamp":1692724194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wps.20998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"references-count":256,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/wps.20998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20998","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1723-8617","2051-5545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1723-8617","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-5545","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}