{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:57:00Z","timestamp":1792814220419,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To assess the current status of psychodynamic therapy (PDT) as an empirically supported treatment (EST), we carried out a pre\u2010registered systematic umbrella review addressing the evidence for PDT in common mental disorders in adults, based on an updated model for ESTs. Following this model, we focused on meta\u2010analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past two years to assess efficacy. In addition, we reviewed the evidence on effectiveness, cost\u2010effectiveness and mechanisms of change. Meta\u2010analyses were evaluated by at least two raters using the proposed updated criteria, i.e. effect sizes, risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, publication bias, treatment fidelity, and their quality as well as that of primary studies. To assess the quality of evidence we applied the GRADE system. A systematic search identified recent meta\u2010analyses on the efficacy of PDT in depressive, anxiety, personality and somatic symptom disorders. High quality evidence in depressive and somatic symptom disorders and moderate quality evidence in anxiety and personality disorders showed that PDT is superior to (inactive and active) control conditions in reducing target symptoms with clinically meaningful effect sizes. Moderate quality evidence suggests that PDT is as efficacious as other active therapies in these disorders. The benefits of PDT outweigh its costs and harms. Furthermore, evidence was found for long\u2010term effects, improving functioning, effectiveness, cost\u2010effectiveness and mechanisms of change in the aforementioned disorders. Some limitations in specific research areas exist, such as risk of bias and imprecision, which are, however, comparable to those of other evidence\u2010based psychotherapies. Thus, according to the updated EST model, PDT proved to be an empirically\u2010supported treatment for common mental disorders. Of the three options for recommendation provided by the updated model (i.e., \u201cvery strong\u201d, \u201cstrong\u201d or \u201cweak\u201d), the new EST criteria suggest that a strong recommendation for treating the aforementioned mental disorders with PDT is the most appropriate option. In conclusion, PDT represents an evidence\u2010based psychotherapy. This is clinically important since no single therapeutic approach fits all psychiatric patients, as shown by the limited success rates across all evidence\u2010based treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T21:01:23Z","timestamp":1683752483000},"page":"286-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["The status of psychodynamic psychotherapy as an empirically supported treatment for common mental disorders \u2013 an umbrella review based on updated criteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Falk","family":"Leichsenring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Giessen  Giessen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Rostock  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Abbass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University  Halifax NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"Heim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Psychoanalytic University  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Kisely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Luyten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Rabung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Klagenfurt  Klagenfurt Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Steinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Giessen  Giessen Germany"},{"name":"International Psychoanalytic University  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures. Training and dissemination of empirically\u2010validated psychological treatments. Report and recommendations","volume":"48","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-4-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.1.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000376584"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00155-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813373-6.00004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Gabbard's textbook of psychotherapeutic treatments","author":"Leichsenring F","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"A report adopted by the Division 12 Board of the American Psychological Association","author":"Chambless DL","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.976885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Long\u2010term psychodynamic psychotherapy","author":"Gabbard GO","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"679","article-title":"Making the case for psychoanalytic therapies in the current psychiatric environment","volume":"47","author":"Gunderson JG","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Psychoanal Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.57.2.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2008.00986.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033815"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203868560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615373529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08040608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change","author":"Crits\u2010Christoph P","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, Version 6.3","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change","author":"Barber JP","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507738"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pdps.2020.48.4.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101886"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-022-01225-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17080847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11030433"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2014.935519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04381-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m06831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002592"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.3.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108333931.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.17.3.233.22147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.6.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.012153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.10.1563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","first-page":"CD012955","article-title":"Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder","volume":"5","author":"Storebo OJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.6.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181662ff0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.6.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90678-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490574"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000554"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2010.492807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.9.1665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11091403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000256"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2017.1300353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","article-title":"An evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review and application of Tolin's criteria for empirically supported treatments","volume":"27","author":"Boness CL","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/rpwh9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","unstructured":"TolinD MelnykT MarxB.Exposure and response prevention for obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder.https:\/\/www.div12.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Treatment\u2010Review\u2010ERP\u2010for\u2010OCD.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20809"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.736776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20884"}],"container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/wps.21104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T15:54:57Z","timestamp":1692719697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wps.21104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/wps.21104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.21104","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1723-8617","2051-5545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1723-8617","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-5545","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}