{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:19:55Z","timestamp":1792797595403,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>People with physical diseases are reported to be at elevated risk of subsequent mental disorders. However, previous studies have considered only a few pairs of conditions, or have reported only relative risks. This study aimed to systematically explore the associations between physical diseases and subsequent mental\u00a0disorders. It examined a population\u2010based cohort of 7,673,978 people living in Denmark between 2000 and 2021, and followed them for a total of 119.3 million person\u2010years. The study assessed nine broad categories of physical diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, musculoskeletal, hematological and neurological diseases, and cancers), encompassing 31 specific diseases, and the subsequent risk of mental disorder diagnoses, encompassing the ten ICD\u201010 groupings (organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders; mental disorders due to psychoactive substance use; schizophrenia and related disorders; mood disorders; neurotic, stress\u2010related and somatoform disorders; eating disorders; personality disorders; intellectual disabilities; pervasive developmental disorders; and behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence). Using Poisson regression, the overall and time\u2010dependent incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for pairs of physical diseases and mental disorders were calculated, adjusting for age, sex and calendar time. Absolute risks were estimated with the Aalen\u2010Johansen estimator. In total, 646,171 people (8.4%) were identified as having any mental disorder during follow\u2010up. All physical diseases except cancers were associated with an elevated risk of any mental disorder. For the nine broad pairs of physical diseases and mental disorders, the median point estimate of IRR was 1.51 (range: 0.99\u20101.84; interquartile range: 1.29\u20101.59). The IRRs ranged from 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98\u20101.01) after cancers to 1.84 (95% CI: 1.83\u20101.85) after musculoskeletal diseases. Risks varied over time after the diagnosis of physical diseases. The cumulative mental disorder incidence within 15 years after diagnosis of a physical disease varied from 3.73% (95% CI: 3.67\u20103.80) for cancers to 10.19% (95% CI: 10.13\u201010.25) for respiratory diseases. These data document that most physical diseases are associated with an elevated risk of subsequent mental disorders. Clinicians treating physical diseases should constantly be alert to the possible development of secondary mental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T07:21:51Z","timestamp":1726471311000},"page":"421-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Associations between physical diseases and subsequent mental disorders: a longitudinal study in a population\u2010based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Natalie C.","family":"Momen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren Dinesen","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Affective Disorders Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uffe","family":"Heide\u2010Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Toft","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Register\u2010based Research Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland  St. Lucia QLD Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health  Wacol QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleguer","family":"Plana\u2010Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"National Centre for Register\u2010based Research Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.03.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.13546"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_456_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508099477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V41N3p105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11030516"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv324"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.583"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00069-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"MomenNC \u00d8stergaardSD Toft SorensenHet\u00a0al.Associations between general medical conditions and subsequent mental disorders. 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