{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:13:41Z","timestamp":1791314021413,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous meta\u2010analyses estimating mortality risk in eating disorders (EDs) were restricted to specific disorders or causes of death, and were published before the release of the DSM\u20105, which introduced significant changes in ED classification. We conducted a PRISMA 2020\u2010compliant systematic review and random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis assessing all\u2010cause (primary outcome) and cause\u2010specific mortality risk ratio (RR) in cohort\/case\u2010control studies of individuals with EDs versus the general population or groups matched by physical and\/or psychiatric comorbidities. Meta\u2010regression\/subgroup analyses assessed risk aggravating or attenuating factors. Study quality was evaluated using design\u2010specific US National Institutes of Health tools. Altogether, 83 studies were meta\u2010analyzed (patients with EDs: N=307,710, general population controls: N=15,719,076; mean follow\u2010up: 11.96 years, females: 94.35%, mean age: 25.52 years). The quality was rated as \u201cgood\u201d in 65.0%, \u201cfair\u201d in 21.7%, and \u201cpoor\u201d in 13.3% of the studies. Any ED was associated with higher all\u2010cause mortality vs. the general population (RR=4.92, 95% CI: 4.03\u20106.00, ranging from RR=5.52, 95% CI: 4.47\u20106.82 in anorexia nervosa (AN) to non\u2010significant difference in binge eating disorder), as well as with higher suicide\u2010related mortality (RR=8.45, 95% CI: 5.73\u201012.47, ranging from RR=9.86, 95% CI: 5.63\u201017.27 in AN to RR=6.15, 95% CI: 2.52\u201015.04 in bulimia nervosa). Mortality risk from both natural and non\u2010natural causes was also increased in individuals with EDs vs. the general population (RR=3.47, 95% CI: 2.29\u20105.25, and RR=6.46, 95% CI: 4.62\u20109.04, respectively). All\u2010cause mortality increased with lower body mass index and shorter follow\u2010ups. Male sex, any psychiatric comorbidity, and comorbid substance use, alcohol use, mood or personality disorders were significantly associated with higher all\u2010cause mortality risk in any ED. These data confirm that EDs are associated with a high all\u2010cause, suicide\u2010related and other cause\u2010specific mortality risk, and indicate that monitoring of physical and psychiatric complications and suicide risk early after diagnosis, particularly in AN, males and individuals with low body mass index, is absolutely needed. Further research is warranted to identify actionable factors that can reduce ED\u2010associated mortality risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:50:36Z","timestamp":1768459836000},"page":"125-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["All\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality risk in individuals with eating disorders: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Seana N.","family":"Semchishen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikkel","family":"H\u00f8jlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark  Aabenraa Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Lemaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishika","family":"Obeegadoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole G.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Frangione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Simon Fraser University  Burnaby BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Sunderland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal","family":"Wafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry 2 LVR Hospital, H. Heine University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Sakeah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Brousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), partner site Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell 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